Battery

ABSTRACT

A battery with a high battery voltage at charging and improved energy density is provided. A cathode ( 12 ) and an anode ( 14 ) are laminated with a separator ( 15 ) sandwiched therebetween which is impregnated with an electrolyte. The cathode ( 12 ) has a cathode active material including a lithium composite oxide which contains lithium, at least either cobalt or nickel, and oxygen. The battery voltage at charging is 4.25 V or more. The total amount of lithium carbonate and lithium sulphate in the cathode ( 12 ) to the cathode active material is 1.0 wt % or less, a concentration of protic impurities in the electrolyte, which is converted to a mass ratio of protons to the electrolyte, is 20 ppm or less, or moisture content in the electrolyte is 20 ppm mass ratio or less to the electrolyte. This inhibits metal eluting from the lithium composite oxide even at high voltages.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a battery comprising a cathode, ananode and an electrolyte, and more particularly to a battery whichprovides motive power using a lithium composite oxide as a cathode andlithium (Li) as a reacting species of the battery.

In recent years, many portable electric devices, such ascamera-incorporated VTRs (Videotape Recorder), cellular phones, andlaptop computers, become widespread, and miniaturization and weightsaving thereof are developed. Concurrently, research and development hasactively been advanced in order to improve an energy density ofbatteries and especially of secondary batteries, which are used as aportable power supply for these electric devices. Specifically, lithiumsecondary batteries and lithium ion secondary battery are promising,because they provide an energy density higher than ones of conventionallead batteries and conventional nickel-cadmium batteries.

As a cathode active material of the lithium secondary batteries and thelithium ion secondary batteries, lithium cobalt composite oxidescontaining lithium and cobalt (Co) and lithium nickel composite oxidescontaining lithium and nickel (Ni) are used, because these materialshave various excellent properties such as a discharge capacity. However,in the lithium secondary batteries and the lithium ion secondarybatteries using these lithium composite oxides, when a battery voltageis 4.25 V or more, the lithium composite oxide is degraded, and manyproperties such as storage stability and a charge and discharge cyclecharacteristic become low.

Thus, the battery voltage at charging these secondary batteries is setto 4.2 V or less.

However, developments of anodes progress every moment every day, thecapacity thereof is improved, materials having a new charge anddischarge profile are found, and simultaneously the voltage higher than4.2 V has been desired. Moreover, generally, the energy densities of thelithium secondary battery and the lithium ion secondary battery dependon the battery voltage, so that the secondary batteries with the batteryvoltage of 4.2 V or less hardly satisfy ever-increasing demands to theenergy density, which is a problem. Therefore, increasing the batteryvoltage is an important subject for the lithium secondary batteries andthe lithium ion secondary batteries.

The present invention has been achieved to solve the above problems. Itis an object of the invention to provide a battery with a high batteryvoltage at charging and an improved energy density.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A first battery according to the present invention comprises a cathode,an anode, and an electrolyte, wherein the cathode has a cathode activematerial including a lithium composite oxide which contains lithium, atleast either cobalt or nickel, and oxygen, the anode has an anode activematerial including at least one kind selected from the group consistingof anode materials capable of insertion and extraction of lithium, andlithium metals, a battery voltage at charging is 4.25 V or more, and atotal amount of lithium carbonate and lithium sulphate in the cathode tothe cathode active material is 1.0 wt % or less.

A second battery according to the invention comprises a cathode, ananode, and an electrolyte, wherein the cathode has a cathode activematerial including a lithium composite oxide which contains lithium, atleast either cobalt or nickel, and oxygen, the anode has an anode activematerial including at least one kind selected from the group consistingof anode materials capable of the insertion and extraction of lithium,and lithium metals, and a battery voltage at charging is 4.25 V or more,and a concentration of protic impurities in the electrolyte, which isconverted to a mass ratio of protons (H⁺) to the electrolyte, is 20 ppmor less.

A third battery according to the invention comprises a cathode, ananode, and an electrolyte, wherein the cathode has a cathode activematerial including a lithium composite oxide which contains lithium, atleast either cobalt or nickel, and oxygen, the anode has an anode activematerial including at least one kind selected from the group consistingof anode materials capable of the insertion and extraction of lithium,and lithium metals, and a battery voltage at charging is 4.25 V or more,and moisture content in the electrolyte is 20 ppm mass ratio or less tothe electrolyte.

In any first to third battery according to the invention, the batteryvoltage at charging is 4.25 V or more, and the total amount of lithiumcarbonate and lithium sulphate in the cathode to the cathode activematerial is 1.0 wt % or less, the concentration of the protic impuritiesin the electrolyte, which is converted to the mass ratio of the protonsto the electrolyte, is 20 ppm or less, or the moisture content in theelectrolyte is 20 ppm mass ratio or less to the electrolyte, whichprevents a transition metal from being eluted from the lithium compositeoxide even at high voltages, and provides a high energy density.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a structure of a secondary batteryaccording to a first embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENTLY PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail belowwith reference to accompanying drawings.

First Embodiment

FIG. 1 shows a cross sectional view of a secondary battery according toa first embodiment of the invention. The secondary battery is aso-called coin type and a laminate of a disk-like cathode 12 housed in apackage can 11 and a disk-like anode 14 housed in a package cup 13 witha separator 15 sandwiched therebetween. Peripheral parts of the packagecan 11 and the package cup 13 are sealed and caulked with an insulativegasket 16.

The package can 11 and the package cup 13 are independently made of ametal such as stainless steel or aluminum (Al).

The cathode 12 is formed to contain a cathode active material, and ifneeded a conductive agent such as carbon black or graphite and a bindersuch as polyvinylidene fluoride. The cathode active material preferablycontains a lithium composite oxide containing lithium, at least eithercobalt or nickel, and oxygen, because this provides a high batteryvoltage and high qualities in invertibility, a discharge capacity,charge and discharge efficiency, and potential flatness. The lithiumcomposite oxide can include materials expressed by a chemical formulaLiCO_(a)Ni_(b)McO₂, for example. In the formula, M expresses at leastone kind selected from the group consisting of metallic elements exceptfor cobalt and nickel, values of a, b, and c are in a range satisfying0<a+b, 0≦c, and a+b+c=1, and a composition ratio of lithium and oxygenmay be slightly deviated from Li:O=1:2. In particular, the materialpreferably contains not only lithium and at least either cobalt ornickel but also at least one kind of metallic element selected from thegroup consisting of manganese (Mn), aluminum, magnesium (Mg), titanium(Ti), chromium (Cr), and iron (Fe). This is because containing theseelements can stabilize a crystal structure, increase chemical stability,and provide high properties at high voltages.

Moreover, the materials containing both cobalt and nickel arepreferable, because cobalt-containing materials are easily formed tohave a single phase, and almost all nickel-containing materials have ahigh capacity. Among the group consisting of manganese, aluminum,magnesium, titanium, chromium, and iron, the materials preferablycontain manganese and more preferably manganese and at least one kind ofmetallic element selected from the group except for manganese. This isbecause the materials containing manganese can improve a charge anddischarge cycle characteristic, the materials containing manganese andat least one kind of metallic element selected from the group except formanganese can improve other battery properties such as the charge anddischarge efficiency, storage stability, and the battery capacity, andcost may be reduced if a cheap material such as iron is chosen, forexample.

In addition to the lithium composite oxide, the cathode 12 may containanother cathode active material. Other cathode active materials caninclude LiMn₂O₄ having a spinel crystal structure and LiFePO₄ having anolivine crystal structure, for example.

The anode 14 is formed to contain an anode material capable of theinsertion and extraction of lithium, and if needed a binder such aspolyvinylidene fluoride. In addition, in the specification, theinsertion and the extraction of lithium means that lithium ions areinserted and extracted electrochemically without losing their ionicity.This includes not only existence of lithium in a complete ionic statebut also existence thereof in an incomplete ionic state. These statesinclude insertion with an electrochemical intercalation reaction of thelithium ions to graphite, for example, and as well as insertion of thelithium to an alloy containing an intermetallic compound and insertionof the lithium with formation of an alloy.

The anode materials capable of the insertion and extraction of lithiumcan include carbon materials such as graphite with a spacing between(002) planes of 0.340 nm or less and non-graphitizable carbon andgraphitizable carbon which have a spacing between (002) planes of 0.370nm or more, for example. These carbon materials are preferable, becausethey have a crystal structure exhibiting very little change duringcharging and discharging, and can provide a high charge and dischargecapacity and an excellent charge and discharge cycle characteristic.Specifically, non-graphitizable carbon is preferable, because it canreduce volume change during charging and discharging, and improvefurther the charge and discharge cycle characteristic. Moreover, thegraphite is preferable, because it can improve an initial capacity.

Specifically, these carbon materials can include carbonaceous materialssuch as pyrolytic carbons, cokes, graphite, glassy carbons, organic highmolecular weight compound-fired objects, carbon fibers, and activatedcarbon. Among them, the cokes include pitch coke, needle coke, andpetroleum coke, and the organic high molecular weight compound-firedobjects mean carbonized ones obtained by firing a high molecularmaterial such as a phenol resin or a furan resin at a suitabletemperature.

The anode materials capable of the insertion and extraction of lithiumcan include simple substances, alloys and compounds of metallic elementsand semimetal elements which can form an alloy with lithium. They arepreferable, because they can provide a high energy density, and they aremore preferable especially when they are used with the carbon material,because this can provide the excellent charge and discharge cyclecharacteristic as well as the high energy density. Moreover, the carbonmaterials are more preferable, because they can serve also as aconductive agent and can improve conductivity. It should be noticed thatthe term of the alloy in the specification include not only onesconsisting of two or more kinds of metallic elements but also onesconsisting of one or more kinds of metallic elements and one or morekinds of semimetal elements. Some of them have a structure of a solidsolution, a eutectic (a eutectic mixture), an intermetallic compound, orcoexistence of two or more of them.

These metallic elements and semimetal elements can include, for example,tin (Sn), lead (Pb), aluminum, indium (In), silicon (Si), zinc (Zn),copper (Cu), cobalt, antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), cadmium (Cd),magnesium, boron (B), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), silver(Ag), hafnium (Hf), zirconium (Zr), and yttrium (Y). These alloys andcompounds can include materials expressed by a chemical formulaMa_(s)Mb_(t)Li_(u) or a chemical formula Ma_(p)Mc_(q)Md_(r), forexample. In these chemical formulas, Ma expresses at least one kindselected from the group consisting of metallic elements and semimetalelements which can form an alloy with lithium, Mb expresses at least onekind selected from the group consisting of metallic elements andsemimetal elements except for lithium and Ma, Mc expresses at least onekind of nonmetallic elements, and Md expresses at least one kindselected from the group consisting of metallic elements and semimetalelements except for Ma. Moreover, values of s, t, u, p, q, and r ares>0, t≧0, u≧0, p>0, q>0, and r≧0, respectively.

Specifically, simple substances, alloys and compounds of group 4Bmetallic elements and semimetal elements in the short period of theperiodic table are preferable, and silicon, tin, and alloys andcompounds thereof are especially preferable. These materials may becrystalline or amorphous.

Concrete examples of these alloys and compounds include LiAl, AlSb,CuMgSb, SiB₄, SiB₆, Mg₂Si, Mg₂Sn, Ni₂Si, TiSi₂, MoSi₂, CoSi₂, NiSi₂,CaSi₂, CrSi₂, Cu₅Si, FeSi₂, MnSi₂, NbSi₂, TaSi₂, VSi₂, WSi₂, ZnSi₂, SiC,Si₃N₄, Si₂N₂O, SiOv (0<v≧2), SnO_(w) (0<w≧2), SnSiO₃, LiSiO, and LiSnO.

The anode materials capable of the insertion and extraction of lithiumcan also include other metal compounds and high molecular weightmaterials. Other metal compounds can include oxides such as iron oxide,ruthenium oxide, and molybdenum oxide, and LiN₃, and the high molecularweight materials can include polyacethylene, polyaniline, andpolypyrrole. Any one kind, two kinds or more of them may be mixed andused as the anode materials capable of the insertion and extraction oflithium.

The separator 15 separates the cathode 12 from the anode 14, and allowsthe lithium ions to pass through with preventing short circuits ofelectric currents due to contact between the two electrodes. Theseparator 15 is formed of a porous film made of a synthetic resinconsisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, or polyethyleneand of a porous film consisting of an inorganic material such asnonwoven fabric made from a ceramic, and may have a structure of alaminate of two or more kinds of these porous films.

The separator 15 is impregnated with a liquid electrolyte. Theelectrolyte is composed to contain a solvent and a lithium salt which isan electrolyte salt. The solvent is a material for dissolving anddissociating the electrolyte salt. It is preferable to use an aproticsolvent as the solvent. The aprotic solvents can include, for example,cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate,butylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, and vinylene carbonate,and chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, andethyl methyl carbonate, cyclic carboxylates such as γ-butyrolactone andγ-valerolactone, chain carboxylates such as methyl acetate, methylpropionate, and methyl butyrate, and ethers such as sulfolane,tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran and 1,2-dimethoxyethane, andany one kind, two kinds or more of them are mixed and used.Specifically, it is preferable to mix and use the cyclic carbonate interms of oxidation stability, and it is more preferable to mix and usethe cyclic carbonate not less than 20 vol % nor more than 100 vol % inthe solvent. This is because the battery properties such as the chargeand discharge efficiency, the storage stability, or the charge anddischarge cycle characteristic may be lowered due to oxidativedecomposition of the electrolyte at a charge voltage of 4.25 V or more,if it is less than 20 vol %.

Of the cyclic carbonates, the vinylene carbonate and the vinyl ethylenecarbonate are preferable, because they form a stable coating on asurface of the anode 14 in a first charging and inhibit side reactionsof the electrolyte. It should be noticed that the contents of thevinylene carbonate and the vinyl ethylene carbonate in the solvent arepreferably less than 10 vol %, and more preferably 5 vol % or less,because much content thereof may increase internal resistance anddegrade the battery properties.

Moreover, the cyclic carboxylates are resistant to oxidation, andespecially γ-butyrolactone is preferable, because it has an oxidationpotential which is as much high as +5.2 V (in a case of using SCE(saturated calomel electrode) as a reference electrode), and canadequately increase the battery voltage. It should be noticed that thecyclic carboxylate is preferably mixed and used with another solvent,and using it independently is not preferable. Because it may bedecomposed on the anode 14 when reduction resistance thereof is weak andthis may degrade the battery properties such as the charge and dischargeefficiency, the storage stability, or the charge and discharge cyclecharacteristic. Specifically, it preferably is mixed and used with atleast either vinylene carbonate or vinyl ethylene carbonate, because anaction of vinylene carbonate or vinyl ethylene carbonate inhibits thedecomposition of the cyclic carboxylate on the anode 14 and extractproperties of the cyclic carboxylate with relatively high oxidationresistance. In addition, it is preferable to use the cyclic carboxylateless than 50 vol %, and particularly 100/3 vol % or less in the solvent,when it is mixed and used with a solvent which has fewer actionsinhibiting decomposition of the cyclic carboxylate unlike thesevinylenes carbonate and vinyl ethylene carbonate.

It is preferable to mix and use the chain carbonate as the aproticsolvent, because the chain carbonates have viscosity lower than ones ofthe cyclic carbonates with the similar structure and this can improvethe battery properties. It should be noticed that the battery propertiestend to be lowered, when a large quantity such as 80 vol % or more ofthe chain carbonate is contained in the solvent, so that it ispreferable to use the content of 80 vol % or less, and ideally, it ispreferable to use the content of 66.6 vol % or less.

The lithium salts can include, for example, LiAsF₆, LiPF₆, LiBF₄,LiClO₄, LiB(C₆H₅)₄, LiCH₃SO₃, LiCF₃SO₃, LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂, LiN(C₂F₅SO₂)₂,LiC(CF₃SO₂)₃, LiAlCl₄, LiSiF₆, LiCl, and LiBr. Specifically, LiPF₆ ispreferable, because it can provide high conductivity and is excellentalso in oxidation stability, and LiBF₄ is preferable because of itsexcellent thermal stability and oxidation stability. Moreover, LiClO₄ ispreferable, because it can provide high conductivity, and LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂and LiN(C₂F₅SO₂)₂ are preferable, because they can provide relativelyhigh conductivity as well as high thermal stability. Content of thelithium salt to the solvent is preferably not less than 0.6 mol/kg normore than 2.0 mol/kg, because the content outside the above range mayextremely reduce ionic conductivity and provide insufficient batteryproperties.

In addition, a gel-type electrolyte or a solid-type electrolyte may beused instead of the liquid electrolyte. The gel-type electrolyte has astructure where a liquid solvent is hold in a high molecular weightcompound, for example. The high molecular weight compounds can includeether polymers such as polyethylene oxide and cross linked materialscontaining polyethylene oxide, ester-based high molecular weightcompounds such as polymethacrylate, acrylate-based high molecular weightcompounds, and fluoropolymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride and acopolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, forexample, and any one kind, two kinds or more of them are mixed and used.In particular, it is preferable to use the fluoropolymers because oftheir redox stability.

Moreover, the solid-type electrolytes can include organic solidelectrolytes where an electrolyte salt is dispersed in a high molecularweight compound having ion conductivity, and inorganic solidelectrolytes consisting of an ion-conductive ceramic, ion-conductiveglass, ionic crystals, or the like, for example. As the high molecularweight compounds used in the organic solid electrolyte, ether-based highmolecular weight compounds such as polyethylene oxide and cross linkedmaterials containing polyethylene oxide, ester-based high molecularweight compounds such as polymethacrylate, and acrylate-based highmolecular weight compounds are independently used, or mixtures orcopolymers thereof may be used. In addition, when using the solid-typeelectrolyte, the separator 15 may be removed.

The secondary battery has the anode material capable of the insertionand extraction of lithium in relatively large quantity compared withthat of the cathode active material, and exhibits no lithium metalprecipitating on the anode 14 during the charging, that is, it is aso-called lithium ion secondary battery. In addition, a ratio of thecathode active material and the anode active material is set so that thebattery voltage at charging may be 4.25 V or more, preferably 4.30 V ormore, and more preferably 4.40 V or more, and this increases further theenergy density. An upper limit of the battery voltage at chargingdepends on a variety of the cathode active material, and for example, itbecomes 4.60 V or less, when the lithium composite oxide as describedabove is mainly contained as the cathode active material.

For the practical use of the secondary battery, it is preferable toprevent degradation of the lithium composite oxide at the batteryvoltage of 4.25 V or more, and to improve the storage stability and thecharge and discharge cycle characteristic. The degradation of thelithium composite oxide is based on various causes, and it is consideredin many cases that it results from a metal, especially a transitionmetal which is eluted from the lithium composite oxide, which becomesunstable at a high potential, due to lithium carbonate or lithiumsulfate contained in the cathode active material as an impurity, orprotic impurities or water contained in the electrolyte as an impurity.Moreover, these impurities cause not only the degradation of the lithiumcomposite oxide but also decomposition of the electrolyte and loweringof the storage stability and the charge and discharge cyclecharacteristic. Furthermore, the metal eluted from the lithium compositeoxide is precipitated on the anode 14 and this causes also internalshort circuits. Therefore, a lower concentration of these impurities ismore preferable, and the concentration is much more preferably zero.

Specifically, a total amount of lithium carbonate and lithium sulfate inthe cathode 12 is preferably 1.0 wt % or less to the cathode activematerial. Or the concentration of the protic impurities in theelectrolyte, which is converted to a mass ratio of protons to theelectrolyte, is preferably 20 ppm or less. Alternatively, moisturecontent in the electrolyte is 20 ppm mass ratio or less to theelectrolyte. Furthermore, it is more preferable to satisfy two of thethree conditions, and it is much more preferable to satisfy the three,in order to obtain more effects. It should be noticed that the mass ofthe cathode active material for calculating the total amount of lithiumcarbonate and lithium sulfate in the cathode 12 contains also a totalamount of lithium carbonate and lithium sulfate which are contained asthe impurity.

Moreover, the protic impurities means ionic impurities of which counterions are protons, and are sometimes called free acid component.Specifically, they include inorganic acids such as HCl, HF, HBr, H₂SO₄,HNO₃, H₂S, and H₂PO₄, and organic acids such as HCF₃SO₂, HCH₃SO₂, andHC₂H₅SO₂.

The secondary battery can be manufactured as follows, for example.

First, for example, the cathode active material is purified with waterwashing or the like so that the total amount of lithium carbonate andlithium sulfate to the cathode active material will become 1.0 wt % orless. Next, the cathode active material is mixed with the conductiveagent and the binder to prepare a cathode mixture, and then the cathodemixture is compression-molded into a pellet shape to prepare the cathode12. Alternatively, a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone may be addedto the cathode active material, the conductive agent, and the binder,and mixed to obtain the cathode mixture, and the obtained cathodemixture is dried, and compression-molded.

Subsequently, the anode active material and the binder are mixed toprepare an anode mixture, and the anode mixture is compression-moldedinto a pellet shape to prepare the anode 14. Alternatively, a solventsuch as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone may be added to the anode active materialand the binder, and mixed to obtain the anode mixture, and the obtainedanode mixture is dried, and compression-molded.

After that, for example, the anode 14, the separator 15 which isimpregnated with the electrolyte, and the cathode 12 are laminated andput in the package cup 13 and the package can 11, and they are caulkedwith a gasket 16. Thereby, the secondary battery shown in FIG. 1 isformed. The electrolyte used here has the protic impurities with theconcentration, which is converted to the mass ratio of the protons tothe electrolyte, of 20 ppm or less, or the moisture content with 20 ppmmass ratio or less to the electrolyte, and is obtained by purificationwith chemisorption using micro powder of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), bariumoxide (BaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), activated carbon, molecular sieves,micro-powdered silicon dioxide (SiO₂), or various metallic oxides, orthe like.

The secondary battery acts as follows.

In the secondary battery, during the charging, the lithium ions areextracted from the cathode 12, and are inserted into the anode 14 viathe electrolyte with which the separator 15 is impregnated. During thedischarging, the lithium ions are extracted from the anode 14, and areinserted into the cathode 12 via the electrolyte with which theseparator 15 impregnated, for example. Here, the battery voltage atcharging is 4.25 V or more, and the total amount of lithium carbonateand lithium sulfate in the cathode 12, the concentration of the proticimpurities in the electrolyte, or the moisture content is below apredetermined amount, which inhibits the elution of the metal from thelithium composite oxide even at the high voltages, and provides the highenergy density.

As described above, according to the embodiment, the battery voltage atcharging is 4.25 V or more, and the total amount of lithium carbonateand lithium sulphate in the cathode 12 to the cathode active material is1.0 wt % or less, the concentration of the protic impurities in theelectrolyte, which is converted to the mass ratio of the protons to theelectrolyte, is 20 ppm or less, or the moisture content in theelectrolyte is 20 ppm or less at a mass ratio to the electrolyte, whichprevents the elution of the metal from the lithium composite oxide evenat the high voltages, and provides the high energy density.

Specifically, when two or more conditions of the total amount of lithiumcarbonate and lithium sulphate in the cathode 12, the concentration ofthe protic impurities in the electrolyte, and the moisture content inthe electrolyte satisfy the above ranges, more effects can be obtained.

Also, when the lithium composite oxide contains not only lithium and atleast either cobalt or nickel but also at least one kind selected fromthe group consisting of manganese, aluminum, magnesium, titanium,chromium, and iron, the lithium composite oxide has stable crystalstructure and chemical stability thereof can be improved, and the highbattery properties can be obtained even at the high voltages.

Furthermore, when the solvent contains the cyclic carbonate, littleoxidative decomposition is generated and the higher battery propertiescan be obtained.

Then when the solvent contains the cyclic carboxylate with the contentless than 50 vol %, decomposition of the cyclic carboxylate on the anode14 can be prevented, and the high battery properties can be obtained.

Furthermore, when the solvent contains vinylene carbonate or vinylethylene carbonate with the content less than 10 vol %, the high batteryproperties can be obtained without reducing the internal resistance, andwhen the solvent furthermore contains the cyclic carboxylate, theexistence of vinylene carbonate or vinyl ethylene carbonate can extractproperties of the cyclic carboxylate with relatively high oxidationresistance, and the battery properties can be improved furthermore.

In addition, the solvent containing the chain carbonate with the contentless than 80 vol % can have low viscosity and improve the batteryproperties.

Second Embodiment

A secondary battery according to a second embodiment of the invention isa so-called lithium secondary battery where a capacity of an anode isexpressed by a capacity component by precipitation and dissolution oflithium. The secondary battery has the same structure as that of thefirst embodiment except for the anode composed of lithium metal or thelike, and can be manufactured like the first embodiment except for usinglithium metallic foil as the anode, for example. Therefore, it will behere described with reference to FIG. 1 using the same signs. Inaddition, detailed description about the same pats is omitted.

In the secondary battery, during the charging, the lithium ions areextracted from the cathode 12, and changed into metal and areprecipitated on the anode 14 via the electrolyte with which theseparator 15 is impregnated, for example. During the discharging, a partof lithium metal constituting the anode 14 changes into lithium ions, iseluted, and is inserted into the cathode 12 via the electrolyte withwhich the separator 15 is impregnated, for example. This provides highenergy density to the secondary battery. Here, the battery voltage is4.25 V or more, and the concentration of the impurities is below thepredetermined amount as described in the first embodiment, whichinhibits the elution of the metal from the lithium composite oxide evenat high voltages. This increases furthermore the energy density.

Thus, according to the embodiment, the capacity of the anode 14 isexpressed by the capacity component by precipitation and dissolution oflithium, the battery voltage is 4.25V or more, and the total amount oflithium carbonate and lithium sulfate in the cathode 12, theconcentration of the protic impurities in the electrolyte, or themoisture content is below the predetermined amount, which provides thehigh energy density.

Third Embodiment

According to a secondary battery of a third embodiment of the invention,a capacity of an anode includes a capacity component by insertion andextraction of lithium and a capacity component by precipitation anddissolution of lithium, and is expressed by the sum of them. Thesecondary battery has the same structure as that of the first embodimentexcept for a composition of the anode, and can similarly bemanufactured. Therefore, it will be here described with reference toFIG. 1 using the same signs. In addition, detailed description about thesame pats is omitted.

The anode 14 is formed to contain the anode material capable of theinsertion and extraction of lithium, and if needed the binder.

The anode material capable of the insertion and extraction of lithium isrelatively low compared with the cathode active material, and thelithium metal is precipitated on the anode 14 during the charging.Specifically, in a state where an open-circuit voltage is lower than anovercharge voltage, the lithium metal is precipitated on a surface ofthe anode material capable of the insertion and extraction of lithium,and the capacity of the anode 14 includes the capacity component byinsertion and extraction of lithium and the capacity component byprecipitation and dissolution of lithium, and is expressed by the sum ofthem as described above. Therefore, in the secondary battery, both theanode material capable of the insertion and extraction of lithium andthe lithium metal function as the anode active material, and the anodematerial capable of the insertion and extraction of lithium serves as abase material for lithium metal precipitation. Therefore, for example,when the anode material capable of the insertion and extraction oflithium in the anode 14 is measured by ⁷Li nuclear magnetic resonancespectroscopy in a full charging state, peaks belonging to the lithiumions and the lithium metal is observed.

Here, the overcharge voltage means an open-circuit voltage in anovercharge state of the battery, and for example, a battery voltagehigher than the battery voltage at the full charged battery. Here, thebattery voltage at charging means an open-circuit voltage of a ‘fullcharged’ battery which is defined and described in the ‘Guideline forsafety assessment of lithium secondary batteries’ (SBA G1101) which isone of the standards established by Japan Storage Battery IndustriesAssociation (Battery Association of Japan). That is, it means theopen-circuit voltage of the battery being charged using a chargingmethod being used for calculating a nominal capacity of each battery, astandard charging method, or a recommended charging method.

The secondary battery is the same as the conventional lithium ionsecondary batteries in terms of using the anode material capable of theinsertion and extraction of lithium for the anode 14, and is the same asthe conventional lithium secondary batteries in terms of lithium metalprecipitated on the anode 14, but it allows the lithium metal to beprecipitated on the anode material capable of the insertion andextraction of lithium, which provides the following advantages.

First, the anode material capable of the insertion and extraction oflithium has generally a large surface area, and allows the lithium metalto be uniformly precipitated. Second, the lithium metal is precipitatedalso among grains of the anode material capable of the insertion andextraction of lithium and this generates little volume change. Third,the insertion and extraction of lithium, which is provided by the anodematerial capable of the insertion and extraction of lithium, alsocontributes to the charge and discharge capacity, so that an amount byprecipitation and dissolution of lithium metal is comparatively lowdespite the high battery capacity. Fourth, the lithium is inserted intothe anode material capable of the insertion and extraction of lithium inan early stage of the charging, so that boost charge become possible.

Thereby, the secondary battery provides the energy density higher thanthat of the lithium ion secondary battery, and improves further thecharge and discharge cycle characteristic and a boost charge propertythan those of the lithium secondary battery.

Moreover, like the first embodiment, the battery voltage at charging is4.25 V or more, and the total amount of lithium carbonate and lithiumsulfate in the cathode 12, the concentration of the protic impurities inthe electrolyte, or the moisture content is below the predeterminedamount, which inhibits the elution of the metal from the lithiumcomposite oxide even at the high voltages. This increases furthermorethe energy density.

In the secondary battery, during the charging, the lithium ions areextracted from the cathode 12, and at first are inserted into the anodematerial, which is capable of the insertion and extraction of lithiumand is contained in the anode 14, via the electrolyte with which theseparator 15 is impregnated. Furthermore, when the charging iscontinued, in a state where the open-circuit voltage is lower than theovercharge voltage, the lithium metal begins to be precipitated on thesurface of the anode material capable of the insertion and extraction oflithium. After that, the lithium metal precipitation on the anode 14continues until the charging ends.

Subsequently, when the discharging is performed, at first, the lithiummetal which has been precipitated on the anode 14 changes into lithiumions, is eluted, and is inserted into the cathode 12 via the electrolytewith which the separator 15 is impregnated. Furthermore, when thedischarging is continued, the lithium ions, which have been insertedinto the anode material capable of the insertion and extraction oflithium in the anode 14, are extracted, and inserted into the cathode 12via the electrolyte.

Thus, according to the embodiment, the capacity of the anode includesthe capacity component by insertion and extraction of lithium and thecapacity component by precipitation and dissolution of lithium, and isexpressed by the sum of them, which provides the energy density higherthan that of the lithium ion secondary battery, and improves further thecharge and discharge cycle characteristic and the boost charge propertythan those of the lithium secondary battery. Moreover, the batteryvoltage at charging is 4.25 V or more, and the total amount of lithiumcarbonate and lithium sulfate in the cathode 12, the concentration ofthe protic impurities in the electrolyte, or the moisture content isbelow the predetermined amount, which inhibits the elution of the metalfrom the lithium composite oxide even at the high voltages, and thisincreases furthermore the energy density.

Furthermore, concrete examples of the invention will be described indetail. In the following Examples, coin type batteries shown in FIG. 1were produced as the lithium secondary battery where the capacity of theanode is expressed by the capacity component by precipitation anddissolution of lithium, the secondary battery where the capacity of theanode includes the capacity component by insertion and extraction oflithium and the capacity component by precipitation and dissolution oflithium and is expressed by the sum of them, and the lithium ionsecondary battery where the capacity of the anode is expressed by thecapacity component by insertion and extraction of lithium. Therefore,here, they will be explained with reference to FIG. 1 using the samesigns.

EXAMPLES 1-1 TO 1-10

As a battery for tests, lithium secondary batteries where the capacityof the anode 14 was expressed by the capacity component by precipitationand dissolution of lithium were produced, and properties of the cathode12 were examined.

First, lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) and cobalt carbonate (CoCO₃) weremixed at a ratio of Li₂CO₃:CoCO₃=0.5:1 (mole ratio), and fired at 900°C. in the air for 5 hours to obtain LiCoO₂. Subsequently, obtainedLiCoO₂ was washed in water for purification to prepare the cathodeactive material. Microchemistry analysis was performed on the purifiedcathode active material to obtain a total amount of lithium carbonateand lithium sulfate to the cathode active material, and results areshown in Examples 1-1 to 1-10 in Tables 1-3. Then 91 mass parts of thecathode active material, 6 mass parts of graphite for the conductiveagent, and 3 mass parts of polyvinylidene fluoride for the binder weremixed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone for the solvent, dried, and mixed againto prepare the cathode mixture. After that, the cathode mixture with amesh-like current collector made of aluminum was compression-molded intoa pellet shape to produce the cathode 12.

Furthermore, LiPF₆ was dissolved with content of 1.0 mol/l in a solventwhere ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate were mixed at a volumeratio of ethylene carbonate:dimethyl carbonate=1:1, and purified toproduce a liquid electrolyte. Microchemistry analysis was performed onthe electrolyte to obtain the concentration of the protic impurities andthe moisture content with a mass ratio to the electrolyte, and resultsare shown in Examples 1-1 to 1-10 in Tables 1-3. Here, the concentrationof the protic impurities was a value converted into a protonconcentration.

After producing the cathode 12 and the electrolyte, the anode 14 whichwas formed by punching lithium foil and the separator 15 were put inthis order on a center part of the package cup 13, the electrolyte wasinjected therein, and the package can 11 into which the cathode 12 wasput was caulked with the gasket 16 to prepare the secondary battery.

Constant current and voltage charging was performed on the obtainedsecondary batteries of Examples 1-1 to 1-10. At that time, constantcurrent charging was performed at a current of 0.5 mA until the voltagereached the upper limit voltage shown in Tables 1-3, and constantvoltage charging was performed at an upper limit voltage shown in Tables1-3 until the current was reduced to 0.01 mA. Subsequently, the chargedbattery was disassembled and the cathode 12 was removed therefrom,immersed in 20 ml of an electrolyte for preservation having the samecomposition as that of the electrolyte being injected into the secondarybattery, and sealed. Then, after storing in a 60° C. thermostat for 100hours, the cathode 12 was removed from the electrolyte for preservation,and coloration of the electrolyte for preservation was observed. Resultsthereof are shown in Tables 1-3. In Tables 1-3, a x-indicator means thatcoloration was observed in large quantity, and a circle indicator meansthat no coloration was observed.

On the other hand, the battery was charged at the constant current andvoltage in the above conditions, stored in the 60° C. thermostat for 100hours, and then discharged at a current of 0.5 mA until the batteryvoltage reached 3.0 V. Then, one cycle of the charging and dischargingin the above conditions was performed again and a discharge capacitythereof was obtained. Results thereof are also shown in Tables 1-3.

Secondary batteries were produced as Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-9 forcomparison with Examples 1-1 to 1-10, as well as Examples 1-1 to 1-10except for using the cathode active material and the electrolyte whichhad amounts of the impurities shown in Tables 1-3. Comparative Examples1-1 to 1-9 were treated as well as Examples 1-1 to 1-10 except forperforming the constant current and voltage charging with the upperlimit voltage shown in Tables 1-3, to be examined for the coloration ofthe electrolyte for preservation and the discharge capacity after thestoring. Obtained results are shown in Tables 1-3.

As shown in Tables 1-3, the discharge capacities of Examples 1-1 to 1-5where the upper limit voltage was set to 4.25 V were higher than thoseof Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-5 where the upper limit voltage was setto 4.20 V. Moreover, the discharge capacities of Examples 1-6 and 1-7where the upper limit voltage was set to 4.30 V were higher than thoseof Examples 1-1 to 1-5 where the upper limit voltage was set to 4.25 V,and the discharge capacities of Examples 1-8 to 1-10 where the upperlimit voltage was set to 4.40 V were higher than those of Examples 1-6and 1-7 where the upper limit voltage was set to 4.30 V. Here,Comparative Examples 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, and 1-5 correspond to Examples1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, and 1-5, respectively. This reveals that increasingthe upper limit voltage can improve the energy density.

Moreover, comparing Comparative Example 1-6 and Comparative Example 1-7where the total amount of lithium carbonate and lithium sulfate was 1.5wt %, the concentration of the protic impurities was 25 ppm, and themoisture content was 30 ppm, the discharge capacity in ComparativeExample 1-6 was 7.0 mAh, but the discharge capacity in ComparativeExample 1-7 was as low as 4.8 mAh despite of the upper limit voltagebeing as high as 4.25 V. As shown in Table 1, the coloration wasobserved in the electrolyte for preservation of Comparative Example 1-7,and it is considered that this resulted from cobalt being eluted fromthe cathode 12. That is, when the total amount of lithium carbonate andlithium sulfate is 1.0 wt % or less, the concentration of the proticimpurities is 20 ppm or less, or the moisture content is 20 ppm or less,the good chemical stability can be obtained, the excellent storagestability can be secured, and the energy density can be improved, evenif the upper limit voltage is as high as 4.25 V.

Furthermore, Examples 1-8 to 1-10 reveal that lowering the concentrationof the impurities can provide the excellent storage stability andincrease the energy density, even if the upper limit voltage isincreased.

Here, the lithium secondary batteries were produced as the battery forthe tests and the properties of the cathode 12 were examined, but it isthought that the properties of the cathode 12 can be obtained regardlessof the materials of the anode 14. That is, it is thought that the sameeffects are obtained also in the lithium ion secondary battery and thesecondary battery where the capacity of the anode 14 includes thecapacity component by insertion and extraction of lithium and thecapacity component by precipitation and dissolution of lithium and isexpressed by the sum of them as well as the Examples.

EXAMPLES 2-1 TO 2-10

Lithium ion secondary batteries where the capacity of the anode 14 wasexpressed by the capacity component by insertion and extraction oflithium were produced and properties thereof were examined. Here, 90mass parts of non-graphitizable carbon for the anode active material,and 10 mass parts of polyvinylidene fluoride for the binder were mixedin N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone for the solvent and dried to prepare an anodemixture, the anode mixture with a mesh-like current collector made fromnickel was compression-molded, and obtained one was used as the anode14. A ratio of the amounts of the cathode active material and the anodeactive material was adjusted so that the lithium metal might not beprecipitated on the anode 14 during charging. Other conditions were thesame as those of Examples 1-1 to 1-10. Impurity amounts in the usedcathode active materials and electrolytes are shown in Tables 4-6.

Here, the non-graphitizable carbon was produced by using petroleum pitchas a starting material, introducing a functional group containing oxygenthereinto with a ratio of 10% to 20% to form oxygen cross-links, andfiring it at 1000° C. in an inert gas flow. When X-ray diffractionmeasurement was performed on the obtained non-graphitizable carbon, aspacing between (002) planes was 0.376 nm and true specific gravity was1.58. The non-graphitizable carbon was ground into powder with a meanparticle size of 10 μm and it was used as the anode active material.

Secondary batteries were produced as Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-9 forcomparison with Examples 2-1 to 2-10, as well as Examples 2-1 to 2-10except for using the cathode active material and the electrolyte whichhad amounts of the impurities shown in Tables 4-6.

Examples 2-1 to 2-10 and Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-9 were alsotreated as well as Examples 1-1 to 1-10 except for performing theconstant current and voltage charging with the upper limit voltage shownin Tables 4-6, to be examined for the coloration of the electrolyte forpreservation and the discharge capacity after the storing. Obtainedresults are shown in Tables 4-6.

As shown in Tables 4-6, the same tendency as that of the lithiumsecondary batteries was observed also in the lithium ion secondarybatteries. This reveals that when the total amount of lithium carbonateand lithium sulfate is 1.0 wt % or less, the concentration of the proticimpurities is 20 ppm or less, or the moisture content is 20 ppm or lessalso in the lithium ion secondary batteries, the good chemical stabilitycan be obtained, the excellent storage stability can be secured, and theenergy density can be improved, even if the upper limit voltage is ashigh as 4.25 V.

EXAMPLES 3-1 TO 3-10

Lithium ion secondary batteries where the capacity of the anode 14 wasexpressed by the capacity component by insertion and extraction oflithium were produced like Examples 2-1 to 2-10, using a copper-tin(Cu—Sn) base alloy as the anode active material, and properties thereofwere examined. Impurity amounts in the used cathode active materials andelectrolytes are shown in Tables 7-9. Secondary batteries were producedas Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-9 for comparison with Examples 3-1 to3-10, as well as Examples 3-1 to 3-10 except for using the cathodeactive material and the electrolyte which had amounts of the impuritiesshown in Tables 7-9.

Examples 3-1 to 3-10 and Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-9 were alsotreated as well as Examples 1-1 to 1-10 except for performing theconstant current and voltage charging with the upper limit voltage shownin Tables 7-9, to be examined for the coloration of the electrolyte forpreservation and the discharge capacity after the storing. Obtainedresults are shown in Tables 7-9.

Tables 7-9 reveal that also in the case of using the copper-tin basealloy, when the total amount of lithium carbonate and lithium sulfate is1.0 wt % or less, the concentration of the protic impurities is 20 ppmor less, or the moisture content is 20 ppm or less, the good chemicalstability can be obtained, the excellent storage stability can besecured, and the energy density can be improved, even if the upper limitvoltage is as high as 4.25 V.

EXAMPLES 4-1 TO 4-10

Lithium ion secondary batteries where the capacity of the anode 14 wasexpressed by the capacity component by insertion and extraction oflithium were produced like Examples 2-1 to 2-10, using LiNiO₂ as thecathode active material, and properties thereof were examined. Here,LiNiO₂ was produced by mixing lithium hydroxide (LiOH.H₂O) and nickelhydroxide (Ni(OH)₂) at a rate of LiOH.H₂O:Ni(OH)₂=1:1 (mole ratio), andfiring the mixture at 750° C. in an oxygen atmosphere for 5 hours.Impurity amounts in the used cathode active materials and electrolytesare shown in Tables 10-12.

Secondary batteries were produced as Comparative Examples 4-1 to 4-9 forcomparison with Examples 4-1 to 4-10, as well as Examples 4-1 to 4-10except for using the cathode active material and the electrolyte whichhad amounts of the impurities shown in Tables 10-12.

Examples 4-1 to 4-10 and Comparative Examples 4-1 to 4-9 were alsotreated as well as Examples 1-1 to 1-10 except for performing theconstant current and voltage charging with the upper limit voltage shownin Tables 10-12, to be examined for the coloration of the electrolytefor preservation and the discharge capacity after the storing. Obtainedresults are shown in Tables 10-12.

Tables 10-12 reveal that also in the case of using LiNiO₂ as the cathodeactive material, like the case of using LiCoO₂, when the total amount oflithium carbonate and lithium sulfate is 1.0 wt % or less, theconcentration of the protic impurities is 20 ppm or less, or themoisture content is 20 ppm or less, the good chemical stability can beobtained, the excellent storage stability can be secured, and the energydensity can be improved, even if the upper limit voltage is as high as4.25 V.

EXAMPLES 5-1 TO 5-24

Secondary batteries were produced as Examples 5-1 to 5-24 andComparative Examples 5-1 to 5-32 for comparison with the Examples, aswell as Example 1-1 except for using the lithium salt shown in Tables13-24. A mixture of LiPF₆ and LiBF₄ with an equal mole ratio was usedfor Examples 5-1 to 5-6 and Comparative Examples 5-1 to 5-8, a mixtureof LiPF₆ and LiClO₄ with an equal mole ratio was used for Examples 5-7to 5-12 and Comparative Examples 5-9 to 5-16, a mixture of LiPF₆ andLiN(CF₃SO₂)₂ with an equal mole ratio was used for Examples 5-13 to 5-18and Comparative Examples 5-17 to 5-24, and a mixture of LiPF₆ andLiN(C₂F₅SO₂)₂ with an equal mole ratio was used for Examples 5-19 to5-24 and Comparative Examples 5-25 to 5-32. Impurity amounts in the usedcathode active materials and electrolytes are shown in Tables 13-24.Examples 5-1 to 5-24 and Comparative Examples 5-1 to 5-32 were alsotreated as well as Example 1-1 except for performing the constantcurrent and voltage charging with the upper limit voltage shown inTables 13-24, to be examined for the coloration of the electrolyte forpreservation and the discharge capacity after the storing. Obtainedresults are shown in Tables 13-24. In Tables 13-24, a triangle indicatormeans that coloration was slightly observed.

Tables 1-3 and 13-24 reveal that regardless of kinds of the lithiumsalt, when the total amount of lithium carbonate and lithium sulfate is1.0 wt % or less, the concentration of the protic impurities is 20 ppmor less, or the moisture content is 20 ppm or less, the good chemicalstability can be obtained, the excellent storage stability can besecured, and the energy density can be improved, even if the upper limitvoltage is as high as 4.25 V.

They reveal also that regardless of the kinds of the lithium salt, twoor more conditions of the total amount of lithium carbonate and lithiumsulphate, the concentration of the protic impurities, and the moisturecontent satisfy the above ranges, the excellent storage stability can besecured and the energy density can further be improved, even if theupper limit voltage is as high as 4.30 V or 4.40 V.

EXAMPLES 6-1 TO 6-355

Lithium ion secondary batteries where the capacity of the anode 14 wasexpressed by the capacity component by insertion and extraction oflithium were produced as Examples 6-1 to 6-355 and Comparative Examples6-1 to 6-119 using a material which was obtained by dissolving LiPF₆with content of 0.6 mol/kg or 1.0 mol/kg in a solvent having acomposition shown in Tables 25-95 and purifying it. In Tables 25-95, DMCexpresses dimethyl carbonate, EC expresses ethylene carbonate, PCexpresses propylene carbonate, GBL expresses γ-butyrolactone, VECexpresses vinylethylene carbonate, VC expresses vinylene carbonate, andvalues in parentheses express mixing ratios (vol %) thereof. Content ofLiPF₆ was set to 1.0 mol/kg in Examples 6-1 to 6-10 and 6-41 to 6-355,and was set to 0.6 mol/kg in Examples 6-11 to 6-40. Here, 94 wt % ofLiCoO₂ produced like Example 1-1, 3 wt % of carbon powder for theconductive agent, 3 wt % of polyvinylidene fluoride for the binder weremixed to prepare a cathode mixture, the cathode mixture was dispersed inN-methyl-2-pyrrolidone for the solvent to prepare cathode mixtureslurry, the cathode mixture slurry was uniformly applied to one side ofa cathode current collector made of aluminum, and dried to form acathode mixture layer, and obtained one was cut into a circle shape forusing as the cathode 12. Moreover, 90 wt % of granular artificialgraphite powder and 10 wt % of polyvinylidene fluoride were mixed toprepare an anode mixture, the anode mixture was dispersed inN-methyl-2-pyrrolidone for the solvent to prepare anode mixture slurry,the anode mixture slurry was uniformly applied to one side of an anodecurrent collector made of copper, and dried to form an anode mixturelayer, and obtained one was cut into a circle shape for using as theanode 14. When producing the cathode 12 and the anode 14, thicknesses ofthe cathode mixture layer and the anode mixture layer were adjustedsuitably so that the sum of volumes of the cathode mixture layer and ofthe anode mixture layer might be constant in Examples 6-1 to 6-355.Impurity amounts in the used cathode active materials and electrolytesare shown in Tables 25-95.

Examples 6-1 to 6-355 and Comparative Examples 6-1 to 6-119 were alsotreated as well as Example 1-1 except for performing the constantcurrent and voltage charging with the upper limit voltage shown inTables 25-95, to be examined for the discharge capacity after thestoring. Obtained results are shown in Tables 25-95.

Tables 25-95 reveal that regardless of compositions of the solvent, whenthe total amount of lithium carbonate and lithium sulfate is 1.0 wt % orless, the concentration of the protic impurities is 20 ppm or less, orthe moisture content is 20 ppm or less, the excellent storage stabilitycan be secured and the energy density can be improved, even if the upperlimit voltage is as high as 4.25 V.

They reveal also that regardless of the compositions of the solvent, twoor more conditions of the total amount of lithium carbonate and lithiumsulphate, the concentration of the protic impurities, and the moisturecontent satisfy the above ranges, the excellent storage stability can besecured and the energy density can further be improved, even if theupper limit voltage is as high as 4.30 V or 4.40 V.

Moreover, comparing Tables 25 and 26 with Tables 27-95 reveals that thedischarge capacities after the storing of Examples 6-11 to 6-355, wherethe solvent contained at least one kind of ethylene carbonate, propylenecarbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, and vinylene carbonate as thecyclic carbonate, were higher than those of Examples 6-1 to 6-10 wherethe solvent contained only dimethyl carbonate as the chain carbonate.This reveals that when the solvent contains the cyclic carbonate, moreexcellent chemical stability can be obtained and the storage stabilitycan be improved.

Furthermore, comparing Tables 33-47 with Tables 48-50 reveals that thedischarge capacities after the storing of Examples 6-41 to 6-115, wherethe solvent contained dimethyl carbonate as the chain carbonate withcontent of 80 vol % or less, were higher than those of Examples 6-116 to6-130 where the solvent contained the same with content of 80 vol % ormore. This reveals that when the solvent contains the chain carbonatewith the content of 80 vol % or less, more excellent chemical stabilitycan be obtained and this is preferable.

In addition, comparing Tables 33-35 with Tables 51-56 and Tables 57-59has revealed that the discharge capacities after the storing of Examples6-41 to 6-55, where no vinyl ethylene carbonate was contained, werehigher than those of Examples 6-161 to 6-175 where vinyl ethylenecarbonate was contained with content of 10 vol %, and the dischargecapacities after the storing of Examples 6-131 to 6-160, where vinylethylene carbonate was contained with content less than 10 vol %, werehigher than those of Examples 6-41 to 6-55. This reveals that when thesolvent contains vinyl ethylene carbonate with the content less than 10vol %, more excellent chemical stability can be obtained and the storagestability can be improved.

Furthermore, comparing Tables 33-35 with Tables 60-65 and Tables 66-68reveals that the discharge capacities after the storing of Examples 6-41to 6-55, where no vinylene carbonate was contained, were higher thanthose of Examples 6-206 to 6-220 where vinylene carbonate was containedwith content of 10 vol %, and those of Examples 6-176 to 6-205 wherevinylene carbonate was contained with content less than 10 vol % werehigher than those of Examples 6-41 to 6-55. This reveals that also whenthe solvent contains vinylene carbonate with the content less than 10vol %, more excellent chemical stability can be obtained and the storagestability can be improved.

In addition, comparing Tables 33-35 with Tables 69-74 and Tables 75-77reveals that the discharge capacities after the storing of Examples 6-41to 6-55 where no γ-butyrolactone was contained and Examples 6-221 to6-250 where γ-butyrolactone was contained with content less than 50 vol% were higher than those of Examples 6-251 to 6-265 whereγ-butyrolactone was contained with content of 50 vol % or more. Thisreveals that when the solvent contains γ-butyrolactone with the contentless than 50 vol %, more excellent chemical stability can be obtainedand this is preferable. However, comparing Tables 69-74 with Tables78-83 and Tables 69-74 with Tables 87-92 reveals that the dischargecapacities after the storing of Examples 6-266 to 6-295 and Examples6-311 to 6-340, where the solvent contained γ-butyrolactone even withthe content of 50 vol % or more, were higher than those of Examples 6-41to 6-55 where no γ-butyrolactone was contained. This reveals that whenthe solvent having vinyl ethylene carbonate or vinylene carbonate withthe content less than 10 vol % contains γ-butyrolactone, the storagestability can be improved. It is considered that this is because actionsof vinyl ethylene carbonate or vinylene carbonate inhibit decompositionof γ-butyrolactone on the surface of the anode 14, and this extractsproperties of γ-butyrolactone with relatively high oxidation resistance.

EXAMPLE 7-1

A lithium secondary battery was produced like Example 1-7. Impurityconcentrations thereof are shown in Table 96. A charging and dischargingtest was performed on the obtained secondary battery of Example 7-1, andcapacity retention ratio was obtained. At that time, the charging wasconstant current and voltage charging where constant current chargingwas performed at a constant current of 1.0 mA until a battery voltagereached 4.30 V, and then constant voltage charging was performed at aconstant voltage of 4.30 V until a current value was reduced to 0.01 mA.On the other hand, the discharging was a constant current dischargingwith a current value of 1.0 mA. Here, the capacity retention ratio wascalculated as a ratio of a discharge capacity after 50 cycles to adischarge capacity after two cycles, i.e., (the discharge capacity after50 cycles/the discharge capacity after two cycles)×100. Obtained resultsare shown in Table 96.

Moreover, a lithium secondary battery as Comparative Example 7-1 forcomparison with the Example was produced like Comparative Example 1-8.Impurity amounts in the cathode active material and the electrolyte areshown in Table 96. The charging and discharging test was performed alsoon Comparative Example 7-1 as well as the Example to obtain thedischarge capacity retention ratio. Obtained results are shown in Table96.

As shown in Table 96, according to the Example, the capacity retentionratiohigher than that of Comparative Example 7-1 was obtained. Thisreveals that controlling the total amount of lithium carbonate andlithium sulfate, the concentration of the protic impurities and themoisture content can improve the charge and discharge cyclecharacteristic.

EXAMPLE 7-2

A secondary battery, where the capacity of the anode 14 included thecapacity component by insertion and extraction of lithium and thecapacity component by precipitation and dissolution of lithium and wasexpressed by the sum of them, was produced as well as Example 2-7 exceptfor setting the battery voltage at full charge to 4.30 V, and adjustinga ratio of amounts of the cathode active material and of the anodeactive material so that lithium metal might be precipitated on the anode14 during charging. Impurity concentrations thereof are shown in Table97.

Moreover, a lithium secondary battery as Comparative Example 7-2 forcomparison with the Example was produced like the Example except forusing the cathode active material and the electrolyte which have theimpurity amounts shown in Table 97. The charging and discharging testwas performed also on Example 7-2 and Comparative Example 7-2 likeExample 7-1 to obtain the discharge capacity retention ratio. Obtainedresults are shown in Table 97. In Table 97, the upper limit voltagemeans the battery voltage at the full charge as described in the aboveembodiment.

As shown in Table 97, according to the Example, the capacity retentionratiohigher than that of Comparative Example 7-2 was obtained likeExample 7-1. This reveals that when the concentration of the impuritiesis controlled also in the secondary battery where the capacity of theanode 14 includes the capacity component by insertion and extraction oflithium and the capacity component by precipitation and dissolution oflithium and was expressed by the sum of them, the charge and dischargecycle characteristic can be improved.

EXAMPLE 7-3

A secondary battery, where the capacity of the anode 14 was expressed bythe capacity component by insertion and extraction of lithium wasproduced as well as Example 2-7. Moreover, a lithium secondary batteryas Comparative Example 7-3 for comparison with the Example was producedlike the Example except for using the cathode active material and theelectrolyte which have the impurity amounts shown in Table 98. Thecharging and discharging test was performed also on Example 7-3 andComparative Example 7-3 like Example 7-1 to obtain the dischargecapacity retention ratio. Obtained results are shown in Table 98.

As shown in Table 98, according to the Example, the capacity retentionratiohigher than that of Comparative Example 7-3 was obtained likeExample 7-1. This reveals that controlling the concentration of theimpurities also in the lithium ion secondary battery can improve thecharge and discharge cycle characteristic.

Moreover, comparing Tables 96, 97, and 98 shows that improvements of theproperties of Examples 7-2 and 7-3 compared with those of theComparative Examples were more remarkable than that of Example 7-1. Thisreveals that larger effects can be obtained in the secondary batterywhere the capacity of the anode 14 includes the capacity component byinsertion and extraction of lithium and the capacity component byprecipitation and dissolution of lithium and is expressed by the sum ofthem and in the lithium ion secondary battery compared with the lithiumsecondary battery.

When the secondary battery, where the capacity of the anode 14 includedthe capacity component by insertion and extraction of lithium and thecapacity component by precipitation and dissolution of lithium and wasexpressed by the sum of them, was compared with the lithium ionsecondary battery, where the capacity of the anode 14 was expressed bythe capacity component by insertion and extraction of lithium, in termsof the discharge capacity at the time that the sum of volumes of thecathode 12 and the anode 14 was equal, the discharge capacity after onecycle (an initial discharge capacity) of the secondary battery, wherethe capacity of the anode 14 included the capacity component byinsertion and extraction of lithium and the capacity component byprecipitation and dissolution of lithium and was expressed by the sum ofthem, was about 15% higher than that of the lithium ion secondarybattery, and the discharge capacity after 50 cycles was also higher.This means that the secondary battery, where the capacity of the anode14 includes the capacity component by insertion and extraction oflithium and the capacity component by precipitation and dissolution oflithium and is expressed by the sum of them, is more excellent than thelithium ion secondary battery from the overall point of view.

EXAMPLES 8-1 TO 8-432

Lithium ion secondary batteries where the capacity of the anode 14 wasexpressed by the capacity component by insertion and extraction oflithium were produced as Examples 8-1 to 8-432 and Comparative Examples8-1 to 8-243 for comparison with the Examples, as well as Examples 2-1to 2-10 except for using the cathode active material having thecomposition and the impurities being shown in Tables 99-206. At thattime, a hydroxide, an oxide, a carbonate or the like which containedcomposition elements of the cathode active material was used as a rawmaterial of the cathode active material, and firing was performed at700° C. to 1000° C. in the air atmosphere or an oxygen atmosphere.Impurity amounts of the electrolytes are shown in Tables 99-206.

The charging and discharging test was performed on the secondarybatteries of Examples 8-1 to 8-432 and Comparative Examples 8-1 to 8-243at room temperature, and the discharge capacity retention ratio after 10cycles, 50 cycles, and 100 cycles were obtained. At that time, thecharging was constant current and voltage charging where constantcurrent charging was performed at a constant current of 1 mA till theupper limit voltage shown in Tables 99-206 and constant voltage chargingwas performed at the same voltage until the current value was reduced to0.01 mA. On the other hand, the discharging was constant currentdischarging, and it was performed at a constant current of 0.5 mA untila closed circuit voltage reached 2.5 V. Here, the discharge capacityretention ratio after 10 cycles, 50 cycles and 100 cycles werecalculated as a ratio of the discharge capacity after the correspondingcycles to the initial discharge capacity, i.e., (the discharge capacityafter the corresponding cycles/the initial discharge capacity)×100.Obtained results are shown in Tables 99-206.

As shown in Tables 99-206, comparing the Comparative Examples where theupper limit voltage was set to 4.2 V and the impurity amounts were thesame, the discharge capacity retention ratio thereof were almost equal.On the other hand, among Examples 8-1 to 8-432 where the upper limitvoltage was set to 4.25 V, 4.30 V, 4.40 V, or 4.50 V, Examples 8-49 to8-432 using the cathode active material, which contained not onlylithium and at least either cobalt or nickel but also one kind ofmetallic element selected from the group consisting of manganese,aluminum, magnesium, titanium, chromium, and iron, were superior toExamples 8-1 to 8-16 using LiCoO₂ and Examples 8-17 to 8-32 usingLiNiO₂.

This reveals using the cathode active material, which contains not onlylithium and at least either cobalt or the nickel but also one kind ofmetallic element selected from the group consisting of manganese,aluminum, magnesium, titanium, chromium, and iron, can improve thecharge and discharge cycle characteristic even if the upper limitvoltage is 4.25 V or more.

Moreover, comparing Tables 99-106 with Tables 107-110 and Tables 127-130with Tables 166-169 shows that the discharge capacity retention ratio ofExamples 8-33 to 8-48 and Examples 8-273 to 8-288 where both cobalt andnickel were contained were superior to those of Examples 8-1 to 8-32 andExamples 8-113 to 8-128 where either cobalt or nickel was contained.This reveals that the lithium composite oxide containing both cobalt andnickel is more preferable.

Furthermore, comparing Tables 147-149 with Tables 150-169 shows that thedischarge capacity retention ratio of Examples 8-193 to 8-208 wheremanganese was contained as a metallic element other than cobalt ornickel were superior to those of Examples 8-209 to 8-288 where anothermetallic element was contained. This reveals that the lithium compositeoxide containing manganese is more preferable.

In addition, comparing Tables 147-149 with Tables 186-206 shows that thealmost equal discharge capacity retention ratio were obtained inExamples 8-159 to 8-208 where manganese was contained as anothermetallic element other than cobalt or nickel, and Examples 8-353 to8-432 where at least one kind selected from the group consisting ofaluminum, magnesium, titanium, chromium, and iron was contained inaddition to manganese. Moreover, the discharge capacity retention ratioof Examples. 8-321 to 8-352 where aluminum or magnesium was contained inaddition to manganese were slightly superior to those of Examples 8-159to 8-208, when the upper limit voltage was high. This reveals that whenthe lithium composite oxide contains manganese and at least one metallicelement selected from the group consisting of aluminum and magnesium,the charge and discharge cycle characteristic can be improved andimprovements of the battery properties other than the charge anddischarge cycle characteristic and cost reduction can be accomplished.

Furthermore, Tables 99-206 reveal that when the concentration of theimpurities is lowered, the excellent charge and discharge cyclecharacteristic can be obtained even if the upper limit voltage isincreased.

Although the invention has been described by the foregoing embodimentsand Examples, the invention is not limited to the embodiments andExamples but can be variously modified. For example, the cases where thebattery voltage at charging of 4.25 V, 4.30 V, 4.40 V, or 4.50 V haveconcretely been described in Examples, but when the concentration of theimpurities is lowered, the excellent storage stability and the excellentcharge and discharge cycle characteristic can be obtained and the energydensity can be increased, even if the battery voltage at charging ishigher than 4.50 V.

Moreover, the coin type secondary batteries have concretely beendescribed in the above embodiments and Examples, the invention isapplicable similarly to secondary batteries with another shape such as acylinder type, a button type, a square shape, or a shape using anexternal component such as a laminate film, and secondary batteries withanother structure such as a wound structure. Moreover, the secondarybatteries have been described in the above embodiments, but it isapplicable similarly to other batteries such as primary batteries.

As described above, according to the battery of the invention, thebattery voltage at charging is 4.25 V or more, and the total amount oflithium carbonate and lithium sulphate in the cathode to the cathodeactive material is 1.0 wt % or less, the concentration of the proticimpurities in the electrolyte, which is converted to the mass ratio ofthe protons to the electrolyte, is 20 ppm or less, or the moisturecontent in the electrolyte is 20 ppm mass ratio or less to theelectrolyte, which prevents the elution of the metal from the lithiumcomposite oxide even at the high voltages, and provides the high energydensity.

In particular, according to one aspect of the battery of the invention,two or more conditions of the total amount of lithium carbonate andlithium sulphate in the cathode, the concentration of the proticimpurities in the electrolyte, and the moisture content in theelectrolyte satisfy the predetermined ranges, so that more effects canbe obtained.

Moreover, according to another aspect of the battery of the invention,the lithium composite oxide contains not only lithium and at leasteither cobalt or nickel but also at least one kind selected from thegroup consisting of manganese, aluminum, magnesium, titanium, chromium,and iron, so that the lithium composite oxide has stable crystalstructure and the chemical stability can be improved, and the highbattery properties can be obtained even at the high voltages.

Furthermore, according to still another aspect of the battery of theinvention, the solvent contains the cyclic carbonate, so that littleoxidative decomposition is generated and the higher battery propertiescan be obtained.

Furthermore, according to still another aspect of the battery of theinvention, the solvent contains the cyclic carboxylate with the contentless than 50 vol % and this can prevent the cyclic carboxylate frombeing decomposed on the anode 14, and provide the high batteryproperties.

Furthermore, according to still another aspect of the battery of theinvention, the solvent contains vinylene carbonate or vinyl ethylenecarbonate with the content less than 10 vol %, and this can provide thehigh battery properties without reducing the internal resistance, andwhen the solvent furthermore contains the cyclic carboxylate, theexistence of vinylene carbonate or vinyl ethylene carbonate extractsproperties of the cyclic carboxylate with relatively high oxidationresistance, and the battery properties can be improved furthermore.

In addition, according to still another aspect of the battery of theinvention, the solvent contains the chain carbonate with the contentless than 80 vol %, and this can lower the viscosity of the solvent andimprove the battery properties.

Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention arepossible in the light of the above description. It is therefore to beunderstood that within the scope of the appended claims the inventionmay be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.

TABLE 1 concentration concentration upper cathode anode of Li₂CO₃ + ofprotic moisture limit discharge active active lithium Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage capacity material material salt (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)coloration (mAh) Example 1-1 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 25 30 4.25 ∘ 7.2Example 1-2 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 20 30 4.25 ∘ 7.3 Example 1-3LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 25 20 4.25 ∘ 7.4 Example 1-4 LiCoO₂ Li metalLiPF₆ 1.0 20 30 4.25 ∘ 7.6 Example 1-5 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 20 204.25 ∘ 7.7 Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 25 30 4.20 ∘ 7.0Example 1-1 Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 20 30 4.20 ∘ 7.1Example 1-2 Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 25 20 4.20 ∘ 7.1Example 1-3 Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 20 30 4.20 ∘ 7.2Example 1-4 Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 20 20 4.20 ∘ 7.2Example 1-5 Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.20 ∘ 7.0Example 1-6 Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.25 X 4.8Example 1-7

TABLE 2 concentration concentration upper cathode anode of Li₂CO₃ + ofprotic moisture limit discharge active active lithium Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage capacity material material salt (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)coloration (mAh) Example 1-6 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 20 30 4.30 ∘ 7.8Example 1-7 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 20 20 4.30 ∘ 8.2 ComparativeLiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.30 x 4.0 Example 1-8

TABLE 3 concentration concentration upper cathode anode of Li₂CO₃ + ofprotic moisture limit discharge active active lithium Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage capacity material material salt (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)coloration (mAh) Example 1-8 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 0.5 20 20 4.40 ∘ 8.9Example 1-9 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 20 20 4.40 ∘ 8.8 Example LiCoO₂ Limetal LiPF₆ 1.0 20 30 4.40 ∘ 8.4 1-10 Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆1.5 25 30 4.40 x 4.0 Example 1-9

TABLE 4 concentration concentration upper cathode of Li₂CO₃ + of proticmoisture limit discharge active anode active lithium Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage capacity material material salt (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)coloration (mAh) Example 2-1 LiCoO₂ non- graphitizable LiPF₆ 1.0 25 304.25 ∘ 7.0 carbon Example 2-2 LiCoO₂ non- graphitizable LiPF₆ 1.5 20 304.25 ∘ 7.1 carbon Example 2-3 LiCoO₂ non- graphitizable LiPF₆ 1.5 25 204.25 ∘ 7.1 carbon Example 2-4 LiCoO₂ non- graphitizable LiPF₆ 1.0 20 304.25 ∘ 7.2 carbon Example 2-5 LiCoO₂ non- graphitizable LiPF₆ 1.0 20 204.25 ∘ 7.3 carbon Comparative LiCoO₂ non- graphitizable LiPF₆ 1.0 25 304.20 ∘ 6.7 Example 2-1 carbon Comparative LiCoO₂ non- graphitizableLiPF₆ 1.5 20 30 4.20 ∘ 6.9 Example 2-2 carbon Comparative LiCoO₂ non-graphitizable LiPF₆ 1.5 25 20 4.20 ∘ 6.9 Example 2-3 carbon ComparativeLiCoO₂ non- graphitizable LiPF₆ 1.0 20 30 4.20 ∘ 7.0 Example 2-4 carbonComparative LiCoO₂ non- graphitizable LiPF₆ 1.0 20 20 4.20 ∘ 7.1 Example2-5 carbon Comparative LiCoO₂ non- graphitizable LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.20 ∘6.7 Example 2-6 carbon Comparative LiCoO₂ non- graphitizable LiPF₆ 1.525 30 4.25 x 4.9 Example 2-7 carbon

TABLE 5 concentration concentration upper cathode of Li₂CO₃ + of proticmoisture limit discharge active anode active lithium Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage capacity material material salt (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)coloration (mAh) Example 2-6 LiCoO₂ non- graphitizable LiPF₆ 1.0 20 304.30 ∘ 7.5 carbon Example 2-7 LiCoO₂ non- graphitizable LiPF₆ 1.0 20 204.30 ∘ 7.8 carbon Comparative LiCoO₂ non- graphitizable LiPF₆ 1.5 25 304.30 X 4.5 Example 2-8 carbon

TABLE 6 concentration concentration upper cathode of Li₂CO₃ + of proticmoisture limit discharge active anode active lithium Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage capacity material material salt (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)coloration (mAh) Example 2-8 LiCoO₂ non- graphitizable LiPF₆ 0.5 20 204.40 ∘ 8.3 carbon Example 2-9 LiCoO₂ non- graphitizable LiPF₆ 1.0 20 204.40 ∘ 8.2 carbon Example 2-10 LiCoO₂ non- graphitizable LiPF₆ 1.0 20 304.40 ∘ 7.9 carbon Comparative LiCoO₂ non- graphitizable LiPF₆ 1.5 25 304.40 x 4.0 Example 2-9 carbon

TABLE 7 concentration concentration upper cathode anode of Li₂CO₃ + ofprotic moisture limit discharge active active lithium Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage capacity material material salt (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)coloration (mAh) Example 3-1 LiCoO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1 25 30 4.25 ∘ 7.5Example 3-2 LiCoO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1.5 20 30 4.25 ∘ 7.6 Example 3-3 LiCoO₂Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1.5 25 20 4.25 ∘ 7.7 Example 3-4 LiCoO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1.0 2030 4.25 ∘ 7.9 Example 3-5 LiCoO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1.0 20 20 4.25 ∘ 8.0Comparative LiCoO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1.0 25 30 4.20 ∘ 7.1 Example 3-1Comparative LiCoO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1.5 20 30 4.20 ∘ 7.2 Example 3-2Comparative LiCoO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1.5 25 20 4.20 ∘ 7.2 Example 3-3Comparative LiCoO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1.0 20 30 4.20 ∘ 7.4 Example 3-4Comparative LiCoO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1.0 20 20 4.20 ∘ 7.4 Example 3-5Comparative LiCoO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.20 ∘ 7.1 Example 3-6Comparative LiCoO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.25 x 4.8 Example 3-7

TABLE 8 concentration concentration upper cathode anode of Li₂CO₃ + ofprotic moisture limit discharge active active lithium Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage capacity material material salt (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)coloration (mAh) Example 3-6 LiCoO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1.0 20 30 4.30 ∘ 8.2Example 3-7 LiCoO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1.0 20 20 4.30 ∘ 8.4 Comparative LiCoO₂Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.30 x 4.2 Example 3-8

TABLE 9 concentration concentration upper cathode anode of Li₂CO₃ + ofprotic moisture limit discharge active active lithium Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage capacity material material salt (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)coloration (mAh) Example 3-8 LiCoO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 0.5 20 20 4.40 ∘ 8.5Example 3-9 LiCoO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1.0 20 20 4.40 ∘ 8.5 Example 3-10 LiCoO₂Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1.0 20 30 4.40 ∘ 8.2 Comparative LiCoO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1.5 2530 4.40 x 4.0 Example 3-9

TABLE 10 concentration concentration upper cathode anode of Li₂CO₃ + ofprotic moisture limit discharge active active lithium Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage capacity material material salt (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)coloration (mAh) Example 4-1 LiNiO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1 25 30 4.25 ∘ 8.2Example 4-2 LiNiO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1.5 20 30 4.25 ∘ 8.3 Example 4-3 LiNiO₂Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1.5 25 20 4.25 ∘ 8.4 Example 4-4 LiNiO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1 20 304.25 ∘ 8.6 Example 4-5 LiNiO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1 20 20 4.25 ∘ 8.7 ComparativeLiNiO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1 25 30 4.2 ∘ 7.8 Example 4-1 Comparative LiNiO₂Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1.5 20 30 4.2 ∘ 8.0 Example 4-2 Comparative LiNiO₂ Cu—SnLiPF₆ 1.5 25 20 4.2 ∘ 8.0 Example 4-3 Comparative LiNiO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 120 30 4.2 ∘ 8.1 Example 4-4 Comparative LiNiO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1 20 20 4.2 ∘8.1 Example 4-5 Comparative LiNiO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.2 ∘ 7.8Example 4-6 Comparative LiNiO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.25 x 5.0 Example4-7

TABLE 11 concentration concentration upper cathode anode of Li₂CO₃ + ofprotic moisture limit discharge active active lithium Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage capacity material material salt (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)coloration (mAh) Example 4-6 LiNiO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1 20 30 4.3 ∘ 8.7Example 4-7 LiNiO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1 20 20 4.3 ∘ 8.8 Comparative LiNiO₂Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.3 x 4.4 Example 4-8

TABLE 12 concentration concentration upper cathode anode of Li₂CO₃ + ofprotic moisture limit discharge active active lithium Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage capacity material material salt (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)coloration (mAh) Example 4-8 LiNiO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 0.5 20 20 4.4 ∘ 8.9Example 4-9 LiNiO₂ Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1 20 20 4.4 ∘ 8.9 Example 4-10 LiNiO₂Cu—Sn LiPF₆ 1 20 30 4.4 ∘ 8.8

TABLE 13 concentration concentration upper cathode anode of Li₂CO₃ + ofprotic moisture limit discharge active active lithium Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage capacity material material salt (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)coloration (mAh) Example 5-1 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 25 30 4.25 ∘ 7.2LiBF₄ Example 5-2 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 20 30 4.25 ∘ 7.6 LiBF₄Example 5-3 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 25 20 4.25 ∘ 7.5 LiBF₄ Example 5-4LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 20 20 4.25 ∘ 7.7 LiBF₄ Comparative LiCoO₂ Limetal LiPF₆ 1.0 25 30 4.20 ∘ 7.1 Example 5-1 LiBF₄ Comparative LiCoO₂ Limetal LiPF₆ 1.5 20 30 4.20 ∘ 7.1 Example 5-2 LiBF₄ Comparative LiCoO₂ Limetal LiPF₆ 1.5 25 20 4.20 ∘ 7.1 Example 5-3 LiBF₄ Comparative LiCoO₂ Limetal LiPF₆ 1.0 20 20 4.20 ∘ 7.2 Example 5-4 LiBF₄ Comparative LiCoO₂ Limetal LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.20 ∘ 7.1 Example 5-5 LiBF₄ Comparative LiCoO₂ Limetal LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.25 Δ 6.8 Example 5-6 LiBF₄

TABLE 14 concentration concentration upper cathode anode of Li₂CO₃ + ofprotic moisture limit discharge active active lithium Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage capacity material material salt (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)coloration (mAh) Example 5-5 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 20 20 4.30 ∘ 8.0LiBF₄ Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.30 x 4.3 Example 5-7LiBF₄

TABLE 15 concentration concentration upper cathode anode of Li₂CO₃ + ofprotic moisture limit discharge active active lithium Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage capacity material material salt (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)coloration (mAh) Example 5-6 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 20 20 4.40 ∘ 8.7LiBF₄ Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.40 x 4.5 Example 5-8LiBF₄

TABLE 16 concentration concentration upper cathode anode of Li₂CO₃ + ofprotic moisture limit discharge active active lithium Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage capacity material material salt (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)coloration (mAh) Example 5-7 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 25 30 4.25 ∘ 7.5LiClO₄ Example 5-8 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 20 30 4.25 ∘ 7.8 LiClO₄Example 5-9 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 25 20 4.25 ∘ 7.6 LiClO₄ Example5-10 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 20 20 4.25 ∘ 7.9 LiClO₄ ComparativeLiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 25 30 4.20 ∘ 7.2 Example 5-9 LiClO₄Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 20 30 4.20 ∘ 7.2 Example 5-10LiClO₄ Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 25 20 4.20 ∘ 7.2 Example5-11 LiClO₄ Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 20 20 4.20 ∘ 7.4Example 5-12 LiClO₄ Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.20 ∘7.1 Example 5-13 LiClO₄ Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.25x 5.4 Example 5-14 LiClO₄

TABLE 17 concentration concentration upper cathode anode of Li₂CO₃ + ofprotic moisture limit discharge active active lithium Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage capacity material material salt (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)coloration (mAh) Example 5-11 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 20 20 4.30 ∘ 8.1LiClO₄ Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.30 x 5.0 Example5-15 LiClO₄

TABLE 18 concentration concentration upper cathode anode of Li₂CO₃ + ofprotic moisture limit discharge active active lithium Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage capacity material material salt (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)coloration (mAh) Example 5-12 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 20 20 4.40 ∘ 8.7LiClO₄ Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.40 x 4.4 Example5-16 LiClO₄

TABLE 19 concentration concentration upper cathode anode of Li₂CO₃ + ofprotic moisture limit discharge active active lithium Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage capacity material material salt (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)coloration (mAh) Example 5-13 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 25 30 4.25 ∘ 7.8LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂ Example 5-14 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 20 30 4.25 ∘ 7.9LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂ Example 5-15 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 25 20 4.25 ∘ 8.0LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂ Example 5-16 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 20 20 4.25 ∘ 8.1LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂ Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 25 30 4.20 ∘ 7.5Example 5-17 LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂ Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 20 304.20 ∘ 7.5 Example 5-18 LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂ Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆1.0 25 20 4.20 ∘ 7.5 Example 5-19 LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂ Comparative LiCoO₂ Limetal LiPF₆ 1.0 20 20 4.20 ∘ 7.6 Example 5-20 LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂ ComparativeLiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.20 ∘ 7.4 Example 5-21 LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.25 Δ 6.9 Example 5-22LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂

TABLE 20 concentration concentration upper cathode anode of Li₂CO₃ + ofprotic moisture limit discharge active active lithium Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage capacity material material salt (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)coloration (mAh) Example 5-17 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 20 20 4.30 ∘ 8.6LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂ Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.30 x 5.6Example 5-23 LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂

TABLE 21 concentration concentration upper cathode anode of Li₂CO₃ + ofprotic moisture limit discharge active active Li₂SO₄ impurities contentvoltage capacity material material lithium salt (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)coloration (mAh) Example 5-18 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 20 20 4.40 ∘ 8.8LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂ Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.40 x 5.3Example 5-24 LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂

TABLE 22 concentration concentration upper cathode anode of Li₂CO₃ + ofprotic moisture limit discharge active active Li₂SO₄ impurities contentvoltage capacity material material lithium salt (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)coloration (mAh) Example 5-19 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 25 30 4.25 ∘ 7.7LiN(C₂F₅O₂)₂ Example 5-20 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 20 30 4.25 ∘ 7.8LiN(C₂F₅O₂)₂ Example 5-21 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 25 20 4.25 ∘ 7.9LiN(C₂F₅O₂)₂ Example 5-22 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 20 20 4.25 ∘ 7.9LiN(C₂F₅O₂)₂ Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 25 30 4.20 ∘ 7.2Example 5-25 LiN(C₂F₅O₂)₂ Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 20 304.20 ∘ 7.3 Example 5-26 LiN(C₂F₅O₂)₂ Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆1.0 25 20 4.20 ∘ 7.3 Example 5-27 LiN(C₂F₅O₂)₂ Comparative LiCoO₂ Limetal LiPF₆ 1.0 20 20 4.20 ∘ 7.3 Example 5-28 LiN(C₂F₅O₂)₂ ComparativeLiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.20 ∘ 7.2 Example 5-29 LiN(C₂F₅O₂)₂Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.25 Δ 6.4 Example 5-30LiN(C₂F₅O₂)₂

TABLE 23 concentration concentration upper cathode anode of Li₂CO₃ + ofprotic moisture limit discharge active active Li₂SO₄ impurities contentvoltage capacity material material lithium salt (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)coloration (mAh) Example 5-23 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 20 20 4.30 ∘ 8.3LiN(C₂F₅O₂)₂ Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.30 x 5.0Example 5-31 LiN(C₂F₅O₂)₂

TABLE 24 concentration concentration upper cathode anode of Li₂CO₃ + ofprotic moisture limit discharge active active Li₂SO₄ impurities contentvoltage capacity material material lithium salt (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)coloration (mAh) Example 5-24 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 20 20 4.40 ∘ 8.9LiN(C₂F₅O₂)₂ Comparative LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.40 x 5.9Example 5-32 LiN(C₂F₅O₂)₂

TABLE 25 concentration upper concentration of of protic moisture limitdischarge nonaqueous Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacitysolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-1 DMC 1.0 25 30 4.25 6.0Example 6-2 DMC 1.5 20 30 4.25 6.0 Example 6-3 DMC 1.5 25 20 4.25 6.0Example 6-4 DMC 1.0 20 30 4.25 6.1 Example 6-5 DMC 1.0 20 20 4.25 6.2Comparative Example 6-1 DMC 1.0 20 20 4.20 5.8 Comparative Example 6-2DMC 1.5 25 30 4.20 5.7 Comparative Example 6-3 DMC 1.5 25 30 4.25 3.7

TABLE 26 concentration upper concentration of of protic moisture limitdischarge nonaqueous Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacitysolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-6 DMC 1.0 25 30 4.30 6.2Example 6-7 DMC 1.5 20 30 4.30 6.3 Example 6-8 DMC 1.5 25 20 4.30 6.2Example 6-9 DMC 1.0 20 30 4.30 6.4 Example 6-10 DMC 1.0 20 20 4.30 6.5Comparative Example 6-4 DMC 1.5 25 30 4.30 3.9

TABLE 27 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge nonaqueous Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacitysolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-11 EC:PC (50:50) 1.0 2530 4.25 7.0 Example 6-12 EC:PC (50:50) 1.5 20 30 4.25 7.0 Example 6-13EC:PC (50:50) 1.5 25 20 4.25 7.0 Example 6-14 EC:PC (50:50) 1.0 20 304.25 7.1 Example 6-15 EC:PC (50:50) 1.0 20 20 4.25 7.1 ComparativeExample 6-5 EC:PC (50:50) 1.0 20 20 4.20 6.9 Comparative Example 6-6EC:PC (50:50) 1.5 25 30 4.20 6.8 Comparative Example 6-7 EC:PC (50:50)1.5 25 30 4.25 4.3

TABLE 28 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge nonaqueous Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacitysolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-16 EC:PC (50:50) 1.0 2530 4.30 7.2 Example 6-17 EC:PC (50:50) 1.5 20 30 4.30 7.2 Example 6-18EC:PC (50:50) 1.5 25 20 4.30 7.2 Example 6-19 EC:PC (50:50) 1.0 20 304.30 7.3 Example 6-20 EC:PC (50:50) 1.0 20 20 4.30 7.4 ComparativeExample 6-8 EC:PC (50:50) 1.5 25 30 4.30 4.0

TABLE 29 Concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge nonaqueous Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacitysolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-21 EC:PC (50:50) 1.0 2530 4.40 7.4 Example 6-22 EC:PC (50:50) 1.5 20 30 4.40 7.4 Example 6-23EC:PC (50:50) 1.5 25 20 4.40 7.4 Example 6-24 EC:PC (50:50) 1.0 20 304.40 7.5 Example 6-25 EC:PC (50:50) 1.0 20 20 4.40 7.6 ComparativeExample 6-9 EC:PC (50:50) 1.5 25 30 4.40 4.0

TABLE 30 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge nonaqueous Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacitysolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-26 EC:PC (200/3:100/3)1.0 25 30 4.25 7.1 Example 6-27 EC:PC (200/3:100/3) 1.5 20 30 4.25 7.0Example 6-28 EC:PC (200/3:100/3) 1.5 25 20 4.25 7.0 Example 6-29 EC:PC(200/3:100/3) 1.0 20 30 4.25 7.1 Example 6-30 EC:PC (200/3:100/3) 1.0 2020 4.25 7.1 Comparative Example 6-10 EC:PC (200/3:100/3) 1.0 20 20 4.206.9 Comparative Example 6-11 EC:PC (200/3:100/3) 1.5 25 30 4.20 6.7Comparative Example 6-12 EC:PC (200/3:100/3) 1.5 25 30 4.25 4.2

TABLE 31 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-31 EC:PC (200/3:100/3)1.0 25 30 4.30 7.2 Example 6-32 EC:PC (200/3:100/3) 1.5 20 30 4.30 7.2Example 6-33 EC:PC (200/3:100/3) 1.5 25 20 4.30 7.2 Example 6-34 EC:PC(200/3:100/3) 1.0 20 30 4.30 7.3 Example 6-35 EC:PC (200/3:100/3) 1.0 2020 4.30 7.4 Comparative Example 6-13 EC:PC (200/3:100/3) 1.5 25 30 4.304.0

TABLE 32 Concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li2CO₃ + Li2SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-36 EC:PC (200/3:100/3)1.0 25 30 4.40 7.5 Example 6-37 EC:PC (200/3:100/3) 1.5 20 30 4.40 7.4Example 6-38 EC:PC (200/3:100/3) 1.5 25 20 4.40 7.4 Example 6-39 EC:PC(200/3:100/3) 1.0 20 30 4.40 7.5 Example 6-40 EC:PC (200/3:100/3) 1.0 2020 4.40 7.7 Comparative Example 6-14 EC:PC (200/3:100/3) 1.5 25 30 4.403.8

TABLE 33 concentration upper concentration of of protic moisture limitdischarge nonaqueous Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacitysolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-41 EC:DMC (50:50) 1.0 2530 4.25 7.2 Example 6-42 EC:DMC (50:50) 1.5 20 30 4.25 7.2 Example 6-43EC:DMC (50:50) 1.5 25 20 4.25 7.2 Example 6-44 EC:DMC (50:50) 1.0 20 304.25 7.2 Example 6-45 EC:DMC (50:50) 1.0 20 20 4.25 7.3 ComparativeExample 6-15 EC:DMC (50:50) 1.0 20 20 4.20 7.0 Comparative Example 6-16EC:DMC (50:50) 1.5 25 30 4.20 6.9 Comparative Example 6-17 EC:DMC(50:50) 1.5 25 30 4.25 4.5

TABLE 34 concentration upper concentration of of protic moisture limitdischarge nonaqueous Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacitysolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-46 EC:DMC (50:50) 1.0 2530 4.30 7.4 Example 6-47 EC:DMC (50:50) 1.5 20 30 4.30 7.4 Example 6-48EC:DMC (50:50) 1.5 25 20 4.30 7.4 Example 6-49 EC:DMC (50:50) 1.0 20 304.30 7.5 Example 6-50 EC:DMC (50:50) 1.0 20 20 4.30 7.6 ComparativeExample 6-18 EC:DMC (50:50) 1.5 25 30 4.30 4.0

TABLE 35 concentration upper concentration of of protic moisture limitdischarge nonaqueous Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacitysolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-51 EC:DMC (50:50) 1.0 2530 4.40 7.6 Example 6-52 EC:DMC (50:50) 1.5 20 30 4.40 7.6 Example 6-53EC:DMC (50:50) 1.5 25 20 4.40 7.6 Example 6-54 EC:DMC (50:50) 1.0 20 304.40 7.7 Example 6-55 EC:DMC (50:50) 1.0 20 20 4.40 7.8 ComparativeExample 6-19 EC:DMC (50:50) 1.5 25 30 4.40 4.1

TABLE 36 concentration of concentration of moisture discharge Li₂CO₃ +Li₂SO₄ protic impurities content upper limit capacity nonaqueous solvent(wt %) (ppm) (ppm) voltage (V) (mAh) Example 6-56 EC:PC:DMC (40:40:20)1.0 25 30 4.25 7.0 Example 6-57 EC:PC:DMC (40:40:20) 1.5 20 30 4.25 7.0Example 6-58 EC:PC:DMC (40:40:20) 1.5 25 20 4.25 7.0 Example 6-59EC:PC:DMC (40:40:20) 1.0 20 30 4.25 7.1 Example 6-60 EC:PC:DMC(40:40:20) 1.0 20 20 4.25 7.1 Comparative Example 6-20 EC:PC:DMC(40:40:20) 1.0 20 20 4.20 6.9 Comparative Example 6-21 EC:PC:DMC(40:40:20) 1.5 25 30 4.20 6.7 Comparative Example 6-22 EC:PC:DMC(40:40:20) 1.5 25 30 4.25 4.2

TABLE 37 concentration of concentration of moisture discharge Li₂CO₃ +Li₂SO₄ protic impurities content upper limit capacity nonaqueous solvent(wt %) (ppm) (ppm) voltage (V) (mAh) Example 6-61 EC:PC:DMC (40:40:20)1.0 25 30 4.30 7.2 Example 6-62 EC:PC:DMC (40:40:20) 1.5 20 30 4.30 7.2Example 6-63 EC:PC:DMC (40:40:20) 1.5 25 20 4.30 7.2 Example 6-64EC:PC:DMC (40:40:20) 1.0 20 30 4.30 7.3 Example 6-65 EC:PC:DMC(40:40:20) 1.0 20 20 4.30 7.4 Comparative Example 6-23 EC:PC:DMC(40:40:20) 1.5 25 30 4.30 4.0

TABLE 38 concentration of concentration of moisture discharge Li₂CO₃ +Li₂SO₄ protic impurities content upper limit capacity nonaqueous solvent(wt %) (ppm) (ppm) voltage (V) (mAh) Example 6-66 EC:PC:DMC (40:40:20)1.0 25 30 4.40 7.5 Example 6-67 EC:PC:DMC (40:40:20) 1.5 20 30 4.40 7.4Example 6-68 EC:PC:DMC (40:40:20) 1.5 25 20 4.40 7.4 Example 6-69EC:PC:DMC (40:40:20) 1.0 20 30 4.40 7.6 Example 6-70 EC:PC:DMC(40:40:20) 1.0 20 20 4.40 7.7 Comparative Example 6-24 EC:PC:DMC(40:40:20) 1.5 25 30 4.40 3.9

TABLE 39 concentration of concentration of moisture discharge Li₂CO₃ +Li₂SO₄ protic impurities content upper limit capacity nonaqueous solvent(wt %) (ppm) (ppm) voltage (V) (mAh) Example 6-71 EC:PC:DMC (25:25:50)1.0 25 30 4.25 7.2 Example 6-72 EC:PC:DMC (25:25:50) 1.5 20 30 4.25 7.2Example 6-73 EC:PC:DMC (25:25:50) 1.5 25 20 4.25 7.2 Example 6-74EC:PC:DMC (25:25:50) 1.0 20 30 4.25 7.2 Example 6-75 EC:PC:DMC(25:25:50) 1.0 20 20 4.25 7.3 Comparative Example 6-25 EC:PC:DMC(25:25:50) 1.0 20 20 4.20 7.0 Comparative Example 6-26 EC:PC:DMC(25:25:50) 1.5 25 30 4.20 6.9 Comparative Example 6-27 EC:PC:DMC(25:25:50) 1.5 25 30 4.25 4.5

TABLE 40 concentration of concentration of moisture discharge Li₂CO₃ +Li₂SO₄ protic impurities content upper limit capacity nonaqueous solvent(wt %) (ppm) (ppm) voltage (V) (mAh) Example 6-76 EC:PC:DMC (25:25:50)1.0 25 30 4.30 7.4 Example 6-77 EC:PC:DMC (25:25:50) 1.5 20 30 4.30 7.4Example 6-78 EC:PC:DMC (25:25:50) 1.5 25 20 4.30 7.4 Example 6-79EC:PC:DMC (25:25:50) 1.0 20 30 4.30 7.5 Example 6-80 EC:PC:DMC(25:25:50) 1.0 20 20 4.30 7.6 Comparative Example 6-28 EC:PC:DMC(25:25:50) 1.5 25 30 4.30 4.1

TABLE 41 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-81 EC:PC:DMC (25:25:50)1.0 25 30 4.40 7.6 Example 6-82 EC:PC:DMC (25:25:50) 1.5 20 30 4.40 7.5Example 6-83 EC:PC:DMC (25:25:50) 1.5 25 20 4.40 7.6 Example 6-84EC:PC:DMC (25:25:50) 1.0 20 30 4.40 7.7 Example 6-85 EC:PC:DMC(25:25:50) 1.0 20 20 4.40 7.8 Comparative Example 6-29 EC:PC:DMC(25:25:50) 1.5 25 30 4.40 4.1

TABLE 42 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-86 EC:PC:DMC(50/3:50/3:200/3) 1.0 25 30 4.25 7.1 Example 6-87 EC:PC:DMC(50/3:50/3:200/3) 1.5 20 30 4.25 7.0 Example 6-88 EC:PC:DMC(50/3:50/3:200/3) 1.5 25 20 4.25 7.0 Example 6-89 EC:PC:DMC(50/3:50/3:200/3) 1.0 20 30 4.25 7.1 Example 6-90 EC:PC:DMC(50/3:50/3:200/3) 1.0 20 20 4.25 7.1 Comparative Example 6-30 EC:PC:DMC(50/3:50/3:200/3) 1.0 20 20 4.20 6.9 Comparative Example 6-31 EC:PC:DMC(50/3:50/3:200/3) 1.5 25 30 4.20 6.8 Comparative Example 6-32 EC:PC:DMC(50/3:50/3:200/3) 1.5 25 30 4.25 4.2

TABLE 43 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-91 EC:PC:DMC(50/3:50/3:200/3) 1.0 25 30 4.30 7.2 Example 6-92 EC:PC:DMC(50/3:50/3:200/3) 1.5 20 30 4.30 7.2 Example 6-93 EC:PC:DMC(50/3:50/3:200/3) 1.5 25 20 4.30 7.2 Example 6-94 EC:PC:DMC(50/3:50/3:200/3) 1.0 20 30 4.30 7.3 Example 6-95 EC:PC:DMC(50/3:50/3:200/3) 1.0 20 20 4.30 7.4 Comparative Example 6-33 EC:PC:DMC(50/3:50/3:200/3) 1.5 25 30 4.30 4.0

TABLE 44 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-96 EC:PC:DMC(50/3:50/3:200/3) 1.0 25 30 4.40 7.4 Example 6-97 EC:PC:DMC(50/3:50/3:200/3) 1.5 20 30 4.40 7.4 Example 6-98 EC:PC:DMC(50/3:50/3:200/3) 1.5 25 20 4.40 7.4 Example 6-99 EC:PC:DMC(50/3:50/3:200/3) 1.0 20 30 4.40 7.5 Example 6-100 EC:PC:DMC(50/3:50/3:200/3) 1.0 20 20 4.40 7.6 Comparative Example 6-34 EC:PC:DMC(50/3:50/3:200/3) 1.5 25 30 4.40 3.9

TABLE 45 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-101 EC:PC:DMC (10:10:80)1.0 25 30 4.25 7.0 Example 6-102 EC:PC:DMC (10:10:80) 1.5 20 30 4.25 7.0Example 6-103 EC:PC:DMC (10:10:80) 1.5 25 20 4.25 7.0 Example 6-104EC:PC:DMC (10:10:80) 1.0 20 30 4.25 7.1 Example 6-105 EC:PC:DMC(10:10:80) 1.0 20 20 4.25 7.1 Comparative Example 6-35 EC:PC:DMC(10:10:80) 1.0 20 20 4.20 6.8 Comparative Example 6-36 EC:PC:DMC(10:10:80) 1.5 25 30 4.20 6.7 Comparative Example 6-37 EC:PC:DMC(10:10:80) 1.5 25 30 4.25 4.3

TABLE 46 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-106 EC:PC:DMC (10:10:80)1.0 25 30 4.30 7.2 Example 6-107 EC:PC:DMC (10:10:80) 1.5 20 30 4.30 7.2Example 6-108 EC:PC:DMC (10:10:80) 1.5 25 20 4.30 7.2 Example 6-109EC:PC:PMC (10:10:80) 1.0 20 30 4.30 7.2 Example 6-110 EC:PC:DMC(10:10:80) 1.0 20 20 4.30 7.4 Comparative Example 6-38 EC:PC:DMC(10:10:80) 1.5 25 30 4.30 4.0

TABLE 47 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-111 EC:PC:DMC (10:10:80)1.0 25 30 4.40 7.3 Example 6-112 EC:PC:DMC (10:10:80) 1.5 20 30 4.40 7.2Example 6-113 EC:PC:DMC (10:10:80) 1.5 25 20 4.40 7.2 Example 6-114EC:PC:DMC (10:10:80) 1.0 20 30 4.40 7.5 Example 6-115 EC:PC:DMC(10:10:80) 1.0 20 20 4.40 7.6 Comparative Example 6-39 EC:PC:DMC(10:10:80) 1.5 25 30 4.40 3.8

TABLE 48 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-116 EC:PC:DMC (5:5:90)1.0 25 30 4.25 6.3 Example 6-117 EC:PC:DMC (5:5:90) 1.5 20 30 4.25 6.3Example 6-118 EC:PC:DMC (5:5:90) 1.5 25 20 4.25 6.3 Example 6-119EC:PC:DMC (5:5:90) 1.0 20 30 4.25 6.4 Example 6-120 EC:PC:DMC (5:5:90)1.0 20 20 4.25 6.6 Comparative Example 6-40 EC:PC:DMC (5:5:90) 1.0 20 204.20 6.1 Comparative Example 6-41 EC:PC:DMC (5:5:90) 1.5 25 30 4.20 6.0Comparative Example 6-42 EC:PC:DMC (5:5:90) 1.5 25 30 4.25 5.0

TABLE 49 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-121 EC:PC:DMC (5:5:90)1.0 25 30 4.30 6.5 Example 6-122 EC:PC:DMC (5:5:90) 1.5 20 30 4.30 6.6Example 6-123 EC:PC:DMC (5:5:90) 1.5 25 20 4.30 6.5 Example 6-124EC:PC:DMC (5:5:90) 1.0 20 30 4.30 6.7 Example 6-125 EC:PC:DMC (5:5:90)1.0 20 20 4.30 6.8 Comparative Example 6-43 EC:PC:DMC (5:5:90) 1.5 25 304.30 4.2

TABLE 50 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-126 EC:PC:DMC (5:5:90)1.0 25 30 4.40 6.6 Example 6-127 EC:PC:DMC (5:5:90) 1.5 20 30 4.40 6.7Example 6-128 EC:PC:DMC (5:5:90) 1.5 25 20 4.40 6.7 Example 6-129EC:PC:DMC (5:5:90) 1.0 20 30 4.40 6.8 Example 6-130 EC:PC:DMC (5:5:90)1.0 20 20 4.40 7.0 Comparative Example 6-44 EC:PC:DMC (5:5:90) 1.5 25 304.40 3.9

TABLE 51 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-131 EC:DMC:VEC (49:49:2)1.0 25 30 4.25 7.3 Example 6-132 EC:DMC:VEC (49:49:2) 1.5 20 30 4.25 7.3Example 6-133 EC:DMC:VEC (49:49:2) 1.5 25 20 4.25 7.3 Example 6-134EC:DMC:VEC (49:49:2) 1.0 20 30 4.25 7.3 Example 6-135 EC:DMC:VEC(49:49:2) 1.0 20 20 4.25 7.4 Comparative Example 6-45 EC:DMC:VEC(49:49:2) 1.0 20 20 4.20 7.2 Comparative Example 6-46 EC:DMC:VEC(49:49:2) 1.5 25 30 4.20 7.1 Comparative Example 6-47 EC:DMC:VEC(49:49:2) 1.5 25 30 4.25 4.6

TABLE 52 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-136 EC:DMC:VEC (49:49:2)1.0 25 30 4.30 7.5 Example 6-137 EC:DMC:VEC (49:49:2) 1.5 20 30 4.30 7.5Example 6-138 EC:DMC:VEC (49:49:2) 1.5 25 20 4.30 7.5 Example 6-139EC:DMC:VEC (49:49:2) 1.0 20 30 4.30 7.6 Example 6-140 EC:DMC:VEC(49:49:2) 1.0 20 20 4.30 7.7 Comparative Example 6-48 EC:DMC:VEC(49:49:2) 1.5 25 30 4.30 4.1

TABLE 53 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-141 EC:DMC:VEC (49:49:2)1.0 25 30 4.40 7.7 Example 6-142 EC:DMC:VEC (49:49:2) 1.5 20 30 4.40 7.7Example 6-143 EC:DMC:VEC (49:49:2) 1.5 25 20 4.40 7.7 Example 6-144EC:DMC:VEC (49:49:2) 1.0 20 30 4.40 7.8 Example 6-145 EC:DMC:VEC(49:49:2) 1.0 20 20 4.40 7.9 Comparative Example 6-49 EC:DMC:VEC(49:49:2) 1.5 25 30 4.40 4.2

TABLE 54 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-146 EC:DMC:VEC(47.5:47.5:5) 1.0 25 30 4.25 7.3 Example 6-147 EC:DMC:VEC (47.5:47.5:5)1.5 20 30 4.25 7.3 Example 6-148 EC:DMC:VEC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.5 25 20 4.257.3 Example 6-149 EC:DMC:VEC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.0 20 30 4.25 7.3 Example6-150 EC:DMC:VEC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.0 20 20 4.25 7.4 Comparative Example6-50 EC:DMC:VEC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.0 20 20 4.20 7.2 Comparative Example6-51 EC:DMC:VEC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.5 25 30 4.20 7.1 Comparative Example6-52 EC:DMC:VEC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.5 25 30 4.25 4.5

TABLE 55 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-151 EC:DMC:VEC(47.5:47.5:5) 1.0 25 30 4.30 7.5 Example 6-152 EC:DMC:VEC (47.5:47.5:5)1.5 20 30 4.30 7.4 Example 6-153 EC:DMC:VEC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.5 25 20 4.307.5 Example 6-154 EC:DMC:VEC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.0 20 30 4.30 7.6 Example6-155 EC:DMC:VEC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.0 20 20 4.30 7.7 Comparative Example6-53 EC:DMC:VEC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.5 25 30 4.30 4.1

TABLE 56 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-156 EC:DMC:VEC(47.5:47.5:5) 1.0 25 30 4.40 7.7 Example 6-157 EC:DMC:VEC (47.5:47.5:5)1.5 20 30 4.40 7.6 Example 6-158 EC:DMC:VEC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.5 25 20 4.407.7 Example 6-159 EC:DMC:VEC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.0 20 30 4.40 7.8 Example6-160 EC:DMC:VEC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.0 20 20 4.40 7.9 Comparative Example6-54 EC:DMC:VEC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.5 25 30 4.40 4.2

TABLE 57 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-161 EC:DMC:VEC (45:45:10)1.0 25 30 4.25 7.1 Example 6-162 EC:DMC:VEC (45:45:10) 1.5 20 30 4.257.1 Example 6-163 EC:DMC:VEC (45:45:10) 1.5 25 20 4.25 7.1 Example 6-164EC:DMC:VEC (45:45:10) 1.0 20 30 4.25 7.1 Example 6-165 EC:DMC:VEC(45:45:10) 1.0 20 20 4.25 7.2 Comparative Example 6-55 EC:DMC:VEC(45:45:10) 1.0 20 20 4.20 7.0 Comparative Example 6-56 EC:DMC:VEC(45:45:10) 1.5 25 30 4.20 6.9 Comparative Example 6-57 EC:DMC:VEC(45:45:10) 1.5 25 30 4.25 4.3

TABLE 58 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-166 EC:DMC:VEC (45:45:10)1.0 25 30 4.30 7.3 Example 6-167 EC:DMC:VEC (45:45:10) 1.5 20 30 4.307.3 Example 6-168 EC:DMC:VEC (45:45:10) 1.5 25 20 4.30 7.3 Example 6-169EC:DMC:VEC (45:45:10) 1.0 20 30 4.30 7.4 Example 6-170 EC:DMC:VEC(45:45:10) 1.0 20 20 4.30 7.5 Comparative Example 6-58 EC:DMC:VEC(45:45:10) 1.5 25 30 4.30 3.9

TABLE 59 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-171 EC:DMC:VEC (45:45:10)1.0 25 30 4.40 7.5 Example 6-172 EC:DMC:VEC (45:45:10) 1.5 20 30 4.407.4 Example 6-173 EC:DMC:VEC (45:45:10) 1.5 25 20 4.40 7.5 Example 6-174EC:DMC:VEC (45:45:10) 1.0 20 30 4.40 7.6 Example 6-175 EC:DMC:VEC(45:45:10) 1.0 20 20 4.40 7.7 Comparative Example 6-59 EC:DMC:VEC(45:45:10) 1.5 25 30 4.40 4.0

TABLE 60 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-176 EC:DMC:VC (49:49:2)1.0 25 30 4.25 7.3 Example 6-177 EC:DMC:VC (49:49:2) 1.5 20 30 4.25 7.2Example 6-178 EC:DMC:VC (49:49:2) 1.5 25 20 4.25 7.2 Example 6-179EC:DMC:VC (49:49:2) 1.0 20 30 4.25 7.3 Example 6-180 EC:DMC:VC (49:49:2)1.0 20 20 4.25 7.4 Comparative Example 6-60 EC:DMC:VC (49:49:2) 1.0 2020 4.20 7.2 Comparative Example 6-61 EC:DMC:VC (49:49:2) 1.5 25 30 4.207.1 Comparative Example 6-62 EC:DMC:VC (49:49:2) 1.5 25 30 4.25 4.6

TABLE 61 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-181 EC:DMC:VC (49:49:2)1.0 25 30 4.30 7.5 Example 6-182 EC:DMC:VC (49:49:2) 1.5 20 30 4.30 7.4Example 6-183 EC:DMC:VC (49:49:2) 1.5 25 20 4.30 7.4 Example 6-184EC:DMC:VC (49:49:2) 1.0 20 30 4.30 7.5 Example 6-185 EC:DMC:VC (49:49:2)1.0 20 20 4.30 7.7 Comparative Example 6-63 EC:DMC:VC (49:49:2) 1.5 2530 4.30 4.1

TABLE 62 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-186 EC:DMC:VC (49:49:2)1.0 25 30 4.40 7.7 Example 6-187 EC:DMC:VC (49:49:2) 1.5 20 30 4.40 7.6Example 6-188 EC:DMC:VC (49:49:2) 1.5 25 20 4.40 7.6 Example 6-189EC:DMC:VC (49:49:2) 1.0 20 30 4.40 7.7 Example 6-190 EC:DMC:VC (49:49:2)1.0 20 20 4.40 7.9 Comparative Example 6-64 EC:DMC:VC (49:49:2) 1.5 2530 4.40 4.2

TABLE 63 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-191 EC:DMC:VC(47.5:47.5:5) 1.0 25 30 4.25 7.3 Example 6-192 EC:DMC:VC (47.5:47.5:5)1.5 20 30 4.25 7.3 Example 6-193 EC:DMC:VC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.5 25 20 4.257.3 Example 6-194 EC:DMC:VC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.0 20 30 4.25 7.3 Example6-195 EC:DMC:VC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.0 20 20 4.25 7.4 Comparative Example6-65 EC:DMC:VC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.0 20 20 4.20 7.1 Comparative Example 6-66EC:DMC:VC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.5 25 30 4.20 7.0 Comparative Example 6-67EC:DMC:VC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.5 25 30 4.25 4.5

TABLE 64 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-196 EC:DMC:VC(47.5:47.5:5) 1.0 25 30 4.30 7.5 Example 6-197 EC:DMC:VC (47.5:47.5:5)1.5 20 30 4.30 7.5 Example 6-198 EC:DMC:VC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.5 25 20 4.307.5 Example 6-199 EC:DMC:VC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.0 20 30 4.30 7.6 Example6-200 EC:DMC:VC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.0 20 20 4.30 7.7 Comparative Example6-68 EC:DMC:VC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.5 25 30 4.30 4.1

TABLE 65 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-201 EC:DMC:VC(47.5:47.5:5) 1.0 25 30 4.40 7.7 Example 6-202 EC:DMC:VC (47.5:47.5:5)1.5 20 30 4.40 7.7 Example 6-203 EC:DMC:VC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.5 25 20 4.407.7 Example 6-204 EC:DMC:VC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.0 20 30 4.40 7.7 Example6-205 EC:DMC:VC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.0 20 20 4.40 7.8 Comparative Example6-69 EC:DMC:VC (47.5:47.5:5) 1.5 25 30 4.40 4.1

TABLE 66 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-206 EC:DMC:VC (45:45:10)1.0 25 30 4.25 7.1 Example 6-207 EC:DMC:VC (45:45:10) 1.5 20 30 4.25 7.1Example 6-208 EC:DMC:VC (45:45:10) 1.5 25 20 4.25 7.1 Example 6-209EC:DMC:VC (45:45:10) 1.0 20 30 4.25 7.1 Example 6-210 EC:DMC:VC(45:45:10) 1.0 20 20 4.25 7.2 Comparative Example 6-70 EC:DMC:VC(45:45:10) 1.0 20 20 4.20 7.0 Comparative Example 6-71 EC:DMC:VC(45:45:10) 1.5 25 30 4.20 6.9 Comparative Example 6-72 EC:DMC:VC(45:45:10) 1.5 25 30 4.25 4.4

TABLE 67 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-211 EC:DMC:VC (45:45:10)1.0 25 30 4.30 7.3 Example 6-212 EC:DMC:VC (45:45:10) 1.5 20 30 4.30 7.3Example 6-213 EC:DMC:VC (45:45:10) 1.5 25 20 4.30 7.3 Example 6-214EC:DMC:VC (45:45:10) 1.0 20 30 4.30 7.4 Example 6-215 EC:DMC:VC(45:45:10) 1.0 20 20 4.30 7.5 Comparative Example 6-73 EC:DMC:VC(45:45:10) 1.5 25 30 4.30 3.9

TABLE 68 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-216 EC:DMC:VC (45:45:10)1.0 25 30 4.40 7.5 Example 6-217 EC:DMC:VC (45:45:10) 1.5 20 30 4.40 7.4Example 6-218 EC:DMC:VC (45:45:10) 1.5 25 20 4.40 7.5 Example 6-219EC:DMC:VC (45:45:10) 1.0 20 30 4.40 7.6 Example 6-220 EC:DMC:VC(45:45:10) 1.0 20 20 4.40 7.7 Comparative Example 6-74 EC:DMC:VC(45:45:10) 1.5 25 30 4.40 4.0

TABLE 69 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-221 EC:DMC:GBL (40:40:20)1.0 25 30 4.25 7.0 Example 6-222 EC:DMC:GBL (40:40:20) 1.5 20 30 4.257.0 Example 6-223 EC:DMC:GBL (40:40:20) 1.5 25 20 4.25 7.0 Example 6-224EC:DMC:GBL (40:40:20) 1.0 20 30 4.25 7.1 Example 6-225 EC:DMC:GBL(40:40:20) 1.0 20 20 4.25 7.1 Comparative Example 6-75 EC:DMC:GBL(40:40:20) 1.0 20 20 4.20 6.8 Comparative Example 6-76 EC:DMC:GBL(40:40:20) 1.5 25 30 4.20 6.7 Comparative Example 6-77 EC:DMC:GBL(40:40:20) 1.5 25 30 4.25 4.3

TABLE 70 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-226 EC:DMC:GBL (40:40:20)1.0 25 30 4.30 7.2 Example 6-227 EC:DMC:GBL (40:40:20) 1.5 20 30 4.307.1 Example 6-228 EC:DMC:GBL (40:40:20) 1.5 25 20 4.30 7.1 Example 6-229EC:DMC:GBL (40:40:20) 1.0 20 30 4.30 7.3 Example 6-230 EC:DMC:GBL(40:40:20) 1.0 20 20 4.30 7.4 Comparative Example 6-78 EC:DMC:GBL(40:40:20) 1.5 25 30 4.30 4.0

TABLE 71 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-231 EC:DMC:GBL (40:40:20)1.0 25 30 4.40 7.4 Example 6-232 EC:DMC:GBL (40:40:20) 1.5 20 30 4.407.3 Example 6-233 EC:DMC:GBL (40:40:20) 1.5 25 20 4.40 7.3 Example 6-234EC:DMC:GBL (40:40:20) 1.0 20 30 4.40 7.5 Example 6-235 EC:DMC:GBL(40:40:20) 1.0 20 20 4.40 7.6 Comparative Example 6-79 EC:DMC:GBL(40:40:20) 1.5 25 30 4.40 4.1

TABLE 72 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-236 EC:DMC:GBL(100/3:100/3:100/3) 1.0 25 30 4.25 7.0 Example 6-237 EC:DMC:GBL(100/3:100/3:100/3) 1.5 20 30 4.25 7.0 Example 6-238 EC:DMC:GBL(100/3:100/3:100/3) 1.5 25 20 4.25 7.0 Example 6-239 EC:DMC:GBL(100/3:100/3:100/3) 1.0 20 30 4.25 7.1 Example 6-240 EC:DMC:GBL(100/3:100/3:100/3) 1.0 20 20 4.25 7.1 Comparative Example 6-80EC:DMC:GBL (100/3:100/3:100/3) 1.0 20 20 4.20 6.9 Comparative Example6-81 EC:DMC:GBL (100/3:100/3:100/3) 1.5 25 30 4.20 6.7 ComparativeExample 6-82 EC:DMC:GBL (100/3:100/3:100/3) 1.5 25 30 4.25 4.2

TABLE 73 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-241 EC:DMC:GBL(100/3:100/3:100/3) 1.0 25 30 4.30 7.2 Example 6-242 EC:DMC:GBL(100/3:100/3:100/3) 1.5 20 30 4.30 7.1 Example 6-243 EC:DMC:GBL(100/3:100/3:100/3) 1.5 25 20 4.30 7.1 Example 6-244 EC:DMC:GBL(100/3:100/3:100/3) 1.0 20 30 4.30 7.3 Example 6-245 EC:DMC:GBL(100/3:100/3:100/3) 1.0 20 20 4.30 7.4 Comparative Example 6-83EC:DMC:GBL (100/3:100/3:100/3) 1.5 25 30 4.30 4.1

TABLE 74 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-246 EC:DMC:GBL(100/3:100/3:100/3) 1.0 25 30 4.40 7.3 Example 6-247 EC:DMC:GBL(100/3:100/3:100/3) 1.5 20 30 4.40 7.3 Example 6-248 EC:DMC:GBL(100/3:100/3:100/3) 1.5 25 20 4.40 7.3 Example 6-249 EC:DMC:GBL(100/3:100/3:100/3) 1.0 20 30 4.40 7.4 Example 6-250 EC:DMC:GBL(100/3:100/3:100/3) 1.0 20 20 4.40 7.6 Comparative Example 6-84EC:DMC:GBL (100/3:100/3:100/3) 1.5 25 30 4.40 3.9

TABLE 75 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-251 EC:DMC:GBL (25:25:50)1.0 25 30 4.25 6.2 Example 6-252 EC:DMC:GBL (25:25:50) 1.5 20 30 4.256.2 Example 6-253 EC:DMC:GBL (25:25:50) 1.5 25 20 4.25 6.2 Example 6-254EC:DMC:GBL (25:25:50) 1.0 20 30 4.25 6.3 Example 6-255 EC:DMC:GBL(25:25:50) 1.0 20 20 4.25 6.4 Comparative Example 6-85 EC:DMC:GBL(25:25:50) 1.0 20 20 4.20 6.0 Comparative Example 6-86 EC:DMC:GBL(25:25:50) 1.5 25 30 4.20 5.9 Comparative Example 6-87 EC:DMC:GBL(25:25:50) 1.5 25 30 4.25 3.9

TABLE 76 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-256 EC:DMC:GBL (25:25:50)1.0 25 30 4.30 6.4 Example 6-257 EC:DMC:GBL (25:25:50) 1.5 20 30 4.306.5 Example 6-258 EC:DMC:GBL (25:25:50) 1.5 25 20 4.30 6.5 Example 6-259EC:DMC:GBL (25:25:50) 1.0 20 30 4.30 6.6 Example 6-260 EC:DMC:GBL(25:25:50) 1.0 20 20 4.30 6.7 Comparative Example 6-88 EC:DMC:GBL(25:25:50) 1.5 25 30 4.30 4.0

TABLE 77 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-261 EC:DMC:GBL (25:25:50)1.0 25 30 4.40 7.2 Example 6-262 EC:DMC:GBL (25:25:50) 1.5 20 30 4.407.2 Example 6-263 EC:DMC:GBL (25:25:50) 1.5 25 20 4.40 7.2 Example 6-264EC:DMC:GBL (25:25:50) 1.0 20 30 4.40 7.3 Example 6-265 EC:DMC:GBL(25:25:50) 1.0 20 20 4.40 7.4 Comparative Example 6-89 EC:DMC:GBL(25:25:50) 1.5 25 30 4.40 3.8

TABLE 78 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-266 EC:DMC:GBL:VEC(19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.0 25 30 4.25 7.3 Example 6-267 EC:DMC:GBL:VEC(19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.5 20 30 4.25 7.3 Example 6-268 EC:DMC:GBL:VEC(19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.5 25 20 4.25 7.3 Example 6-269 EC:DMC:GBL:VEC(19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.0 20 30 4.25 7.3 Example 6-270 EC:DMC:GBL:VEC(19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.0 20 20 4.25 7.4 Comparative Example 6-90EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.0 20 20 4.20 7.2 Comparative Example6-91 EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.5 25 30 4.20 7.1 ComparativeExample 6-92 EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.5 25 30 4.25 4.6

TABLE 79 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-271 EC:DMC:GBL:VEC(19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.0 25 30 4.30 7.5 Example 6-272 EC:DMC:GBL:VEC(19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.5 20 30 4.30 7.5 Example 6-273 EC:DMC:GBL:VEC(19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.5 25 20 4.30 7.5 Example 6-274 EC:DMC:GBL:VEC(19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.0 20 30 4.30 7.6 Example 6-275 EC:DMC:GBL:VEC(19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.0 20 20 4.30 7.7 Comparative Example 6-93EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.5 25 30 4.30 4.2

TABLE 80 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-276 EC:DMC:GBL:VEC(19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.0 25 30 4.40 7.7 Example 6-277 EC:DMC:GBL:VEC(19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.5 20 30 4.40 7.6 Example 6-278 EC:DMC:GBL:VEC(19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.5 25 20 4.40 7.7 Example 6-279 EC:DMC:GBL:VEC(19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.0 20 30 4.40 7.8 Example 6-280 EC:DMC:GBL:VEC(19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.0 20 20 4.40 7.9 Comparative Example 6-94EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.5 25 30 4.40 4.3

TABLE 81 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge nonaqueous solvent Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltagecapacity (volume %) (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-281EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (19:19:57:5) 1.0 25 30 4.25 7.3 Example 6-282EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (19:19:57:5) 1.5 20 30 4.25 7.3 Example 6-283EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (19:19:57:5) 1.5 25 20 4.25 7.3 Example 6-284EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (19:19:57:5) 1.0 20 30 4.25 7.3 Example 6-285EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (19:19:57:5) 1.0 20 20 4.25 7.4 Comparative Example 6-95EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (19:19:57:5) 1.0 20 20 4.20 7.2 Comparative Example 6-96EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (19:19:57:5) 1.5 25 30 4.20 7.1 Comparative Example 6-97EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (19:19:57:5) 1.5 25 30 4.25 4.5

TABLE 82 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge nonaqueous solvent Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltagecapacity (volume %) (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-286EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (19:19:57:5) 1.0 25 30 4.30 7.5 Example 6-287EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (19:19:57:5) 1.5 20 30 4.30 7.4 Example 6-288EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (19:19:57:5) 1.5 25 20 4.30 7.5 Example 6-289EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (19:19:57:5) 1.0 20 30 4.30 7.6 Example 6-290EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (19:19:57:5) 1.0 20 20 4.30 7.7 Comparative Example 6-98EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (19:19:57:5) 1.5 25 30 4.30 4.1

TABLE 83 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge nonaqueous solvent Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltagecapacity (volume %) (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-291EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (19:19:57:5) 1.0 25 30 4.40 7.7 Example 6-292EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (19:19:57:5) 1.5 20 30 4.40 7.7 Example 6-293EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (19:19:57:5) 1.5 25 20 4.40 7.7 Example 6-294EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (19:19:57:5) 1.0 20 30 4.40 7.8 Example 6-295EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (19:19:57:5) 1.0 20 20 4.40 7.9 Comparative Example 6-99EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (19:19:57:5) 1.5 25 30 4.40 4.2

TABLE 84 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge nonaqueous solvent Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltagecapacity (volume %) (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-296EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (18:18:54:10) 1.0 25 30 4.25 7.2 Example 6-297EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (18:18:54:10) 1.5 20 30 4.25 7.2 Example 6-298EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (18:18:54:10) 1.5 25 20 4.25 7.2 Example 6-299EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (18:18:54:10) 1.0 20 30 4.25 7.2 Example 6-300EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (18:18:54:10) 1.0 20 20 4.25 7.3 Comparative Example6-100 EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (18:18:54:10) 1.0 20 20 4.20 7.0 ComparativeExample 6-101 EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (18:18:54:10) 1.5 25 30 4.20 6.9Comparative Example 6-102 EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (18:18:54:10) 1.5 25 30 4.254.2

TABLE 85 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge nonaqueous solvent Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltagecapacity (volume %) (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-301EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (18:18:54:10) 1.0 25 30 4.30 7.4 Example 6-302EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (18:18:54:10) 1.5 20 30 4.30 7.3 Example 6-303EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (18:18:54:10) 1.5 25 20 4.30 7.3 Example 6-304EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (18:18:54:10) 1.0 20 30 4.30 7.4 Example 6-305EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (18:18:54:10) 1.0 20 20 4.30 7.5 Comparative Example6-103 EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (18:18:54:10) 1.5 25 30 4.30 4.0

TABLE 86 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage capacity nonaqueoussolvent (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-306 EC:DMC:GBL:VEC(18:18:54:10) 1.0 25 30 4.40 7.5 Example 6-307 EC:DMC:GBL:VEC(18:18:54:10) 1.5 20 30 4.40 7.5 Example 6-308 EC:DMC:GBL:VEC(18:18:54:10) 1.5 25 20 4.40 7.5 Example 6-309 EC:DMC:GBL:VEC(18:18:54:10) 1.0 20 30 4.40 7.5 Example 6-310 EC:DMC:GBL:VEC(18:18:54:10) 1.0 20 20 4.40 7.6 Comparative Example 6-104EC:DMC:GBL:VEC (18:18:54:10) 1.5 25 30 4.40 4.0

TABLE 87 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge nonaqueous solvent Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltagecapacity (volume %) (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-311EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.0 25 30 4.25 7.3 Example 6-312EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.5 20 30 4.25 7.2 Example 6-313EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.5 25 20 4.25 7.2 Example 6-314EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.0 20 30 4.25 7.3 Example 6-315EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.0 20 20 4.25 7.4 Comparative Example6-105 EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.0 20 20 4.20 7.2 ComparativeExample 6-106 EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.5 25 30 4.20 7.1Comparative Example 6-107 EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.5 25 304.25 4.6

TABLE 88 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge nonaqueous solvent Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltagecapacity (volume %) (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-316EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.0 25 30 4.30 7.5 Example 6-317EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.5 20 30 4.30 7.4 Example 6-318EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.5 25 20 4.30 7.4 Example 6-319EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.0 20 30 4.30 7.5 Example 6-320EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.0 20 20 4.30 7.7 Comparative Example6-108 EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.5 25 30 4.30 4.1

TABLE 89 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge nonaqueous solvent Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltagecapacity (volume %) (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-321EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.0 25 30 4.40 7.7 Example 6-322EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.5 20 30 4.40 7.6 Example 6-323EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.5 25 20 4.40 7.6 Example 6-324EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.0 20 30 4.40 7.7 Example 6-325EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.0 20 20 4.40 7.9 Comparative Example6-109 EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19.6:19.6:58.8:2) 1.5 25 30 4.40 4.2

TABLE 90 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge nonaqueous solvent Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltagecapacity (volume %) (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-326EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19:19:57:5) 1.0 25 30 4.25 7.3 Example 6-327EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19:19:57:5) 1.5 20 30 4.25 7.3 Example 6-328EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19:19:57:5) 1.5 25 20 4.25 7.3 Example 6-329EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19:19:57:5) 1.0 20 30 4.25 7.3 Example 6-330EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19:19:57:5) 1.0 20 20 4.25 7.4 Comparative Example 6-110EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19:19:57:5) 1.0 20 20 4.20 7.1 Comparative Example 6-111EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19:19:57:5) 1.5 25 30 4.20 7.0 Comparative Example 6-112EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19:19:57:5) 1.5 25 30 4.25 4.5

TABLE 91 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge nonaqueous solvent Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltagecapacity (volume %) (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-331EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19:19:57:5) 1.0 25 30 4.30 7.5 Example 6-332EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19:19:57:5) 1.5 20 30 4.30 7.5 Example 6-333EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19:19:57:5) 1.5 25 20 4.30 7.5 Example 6-334EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19:19:57:5) 1.0 20 30 4.30 7.6 Example 6-335EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19:19:57:5) 1.0 20 20 4.30 7.7 Comparative Example 6-113EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19:19:57:5) 1.5 25 30 4.30 4.1

TABLE 92 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge nonaqueous solvent Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltagecapacity (volume %) (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-336EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19:19:57:5) 1.0 25 30 4.40 7.7 Example 6-337EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19:19:57:5) 1.5 20 30 4.40 7.7 Example 6-338EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19:19:57:5) 1.5 25 20 4.40 7.7 Example 6-339EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19:19:57:5) 1.0 20 30 4.40 7.7 Example 6-340EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19:19:57:5) 1.0 20 20 4.40 7.8 Comparative Example 6-114EC:DMC:GBL:VC (19:19:57:5) 1.5 25 30 4.40 4.1

TABLE 93 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge nonaqueous solvent Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltagecapacity (volume %) (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-341EC:DMC:GBL:VC (18:18:54:10) 1.0 25 30 4.25 7.2 Example 6-342EC:DMC:GBL:VC (18:18:54:10) 1.5 20 30 4.25 7.2 Example 6-343EC:DMC:GBL:VC (18:18:54:10) 1.5 25 20 4.25 7.2 Example 6-344EC:DMC:GBL:VC (18:18:54:10) 1.0 20 30 4.25 7.2 Example 6-345EC:DMC:GBL:VC (18:18:54:10) 1.0 20 20 4.25 7.3 Comparative Example 6-115EC:DMC:GBL:VC (18:18:54:10) 1.0 20 20 4.20 6.9 Comparative Example 6-116EC:DMC:GBL:VC (18:18:54:10) 1.5 25 30 4.20 6.9 Comparative Example 6-117EC:DMC:GBL:VC (18:18:54:10) 1.5 25 30 4.25 4.5

TABLE 94 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge nonaqueous solvent Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltagecapacity (volume %) (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-346EC:DMC:GBL:VC (18:18:54:10) 1.0 25 30 4.30 7.4 Example 6-347EC:DMC:GBL:VC (18:18:54:10) 1.5 20 30 4.30 7.3 Example 6-348EC:DMC:GBL:VC (18:18:54:10) 1.5 25 20 4.30 7.3 Example 6-349EC:DMC:GBL:VC (18:18:54:10) 1.0 20 30 4.30 7.3 Example 6-350EC:DMC:GBL:VC (18:18:54:10) 1.0 20 20 4.30 7.5 Comparative Example 6-118EC:DMC:GBL:VC (18:18:54:10) 1.5 25 30 4.30 4.0

TABLE 95 concentration concentration upper of of protic moisture limitdischarge nonaqueous solvent Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltagecapacity (volume %) (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V) (mAh) Example 6-351EC:DMC:GBL:VC (18:18:54:10) 1.0 25 30 4.40 7.5 Example 6-352EC:DMC:GBL:VC (18:18:54:10) 1.5 20 30 4.40 7.4 Example 6-353EC:DMC:GBL:VC (18:18:54:10) 1.5 25 20 4.40 7.5 Example 6-354EC:DMC:GBL:VC (18:18:54:10) 1.0 20 30 4.40 7.6 Example 6-355EC:DMC:GBL:VC (18:18:54:10) 1.0 20 20 4.40 7.6 Comparative Example 6-119EC:DMC:GBL:VC (18:18:54:10) 1.5 25 30 4.40 4.0

TABLE 96 concentration concentration upper discharge cathode anode of ofprotic moisture limit capacity active active lithium Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage retention material material salt (wt %) (ppm)(ppm) (V) ratio (%) Example 7-1 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.0 20 20 4.30 55Comparative Example 7-1 LiCoO₂ Li metal LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.30 53

TABLE 97 concentration concentration upper discharge cathode of ofprotic moisture limit capacity active anode active lithium Li₂CO₃ +Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage retention material material salt (wt%) (ppm) (ppm) (V) ratio (%) Example 7-2 LiCoO₂ non-graphitizable LiPF₆1.0 20 20 4.30 84 carbon Comparative Example 7-2 LiCoO₂non-graphitizable LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.30 79 carbon

TABLE 98 concentration concentration upper discharge cathode of ofprotic moisture limit capacity active anode active lithium Li₂CO₃ +Li₂SO₄ impurities content voltage retention material material salt (wt%) (ppm) (ppm) (V) ratio (%) Example 7-3 LiCoO₂ non-graphitizable LiPF₆1.0 20 20 4.30 96 carbon Comparative Example 7-3 LiCoO₂non-graphitizable LiPF₆ 1.5 25 30 4.30 90 carbon

TABLE 99 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentioncathode of of protic moisture limit ratio (%) active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-1 LiCoO₂ 1.0 20 20 4.25 98.5 94.8 91.0Example 8-2 LiCoO₂ 1.5 20 20 4.25 98.3 94.1 90.2 Example 8-3 LiCoO₂ 1.025 20 4.25 98.4 94.0 90.0 Example 8-4 LiCoO₂ 1.0 20 30 4.25 98.3 94.089.9 Comparative Example 8-1 LiCoO₂ 1.0 20 20 4.20 98.9 96.5 93.0Comparative Example 8-2 LiCoO₂ 1.5 20 20 4.20 98.8 96.4 93.1 ComparativeExample 8-3 LiCoO₂ 1.0 25 20 4.20 98.7 96.0 92.1 Comparative Example 8-4LiCoO₂ 1.0 20 30 4.20 98.7 96.0 92.0 Comparative Example 8-5 LiCoO₂ 1.525 30 4.20 98.0 95.5 91.5 Comparative Example 8-6 LiCoO₂ 1.5 25 30 4.2598.2 93.2 88.2

TABLE 100 concentration upper discharge capacity retention cathodeconcentration of protic moisture limit ratio (%) active of impuritiescontent voltage 10 50 100 material Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ (wt %) (ppm) (ppm)(V) cycles cycles cycles Example 8-5 LiCoO₂ 1.0 20 20 4.30 98.4 94.891.0 Example 8-6 LiCoO₂ 1.5 20 20 4.30 98.2 94.0 90.1 Example 8-7 LiCoO₂1.0 25 20 4.30 98.2 94.0 90.0 Example 8-8 LiCoO₂ 1.0 20 30 4.30 98.294.0 89.8 Comparative Example 8-7 LiCoO₂ 1.5 25 30 4.30 98.1 93.1 88.1

TABLE 101 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentioncathode of of protic moisture limit ratio (%) active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-9 LiCoO₂ 1.0 20 20 4.40 96.4 89.4 86.3Example 8-10 LiCoO₂ 1.5 20 20 4.40 95.1 88.1 82.2 Example 8-11 LiCoO₂1.0 25 20 4.40 95.6 89.1 83.8 Example 8-12 LiCoO₂ 1.0 20 30 4.40 95.689.3 83.5 Comparative Example 8-8 LiCoO₂ 1.5 25 30 4.40 93.0 87.1 78.7

TABLE 102 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentioncathode of of protic moisture limit ratio (%) active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-13 LiCoO₂ 1.0 20 20 4.50 92.4 86.4 76.3Example 8-14 LiCoO₂ 1.5 20 20 4.50 90.1 83.1 71.2 Example 8-15 LiCoO₂1.0 25 20 4.50 90.0 83.2 71.0 Example 8-16 LiCoO₂ 1.0 20 30 4.50 89.983.3 70.8 Comparative Example 8-9 LiCoO₂ 1.5 25 30 4.50 88.8 82.1 68.7

TABLE 103 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentioncathode of of protic moisture limit ratio (%) active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-17 LiNiO₂ 1.0 20 20 4.25 95.0 93.2 90.5Example 8-18 LiNiO₂ 1.5 20 20 4.25 95.0 92.8 89.6 Example 8-19 LiNiO₂1.0 25 20 4.25 95.0 92.7 89.5 Example 8-20 LiNiO₂ 1.0 20 30 4.25 94.992.6 89.2 Comparative Example 8-10 LiNiO₂ 1.0 20 20 4.20 95.0 93.5 920Comparative Example 8-11 LiNiO₂ 1.5 20 20 4.20 95.0 93.6 92.0Comparative Example 8-12 LiNiO₂ 1.0 25 20 4.20 94.9 93.3 91.9Comparative Example 8-13 LiNiO₂ 1.0 20 30 4.20 94.9 93.2 91.8Comparative Example 8-14 LiNiO₂ 1.5 25 30 4.20 94.5 92.8 90.2Comparative Example 8-15 LiNiO₂ 1.5 25 30 4.25 94.6 91.6 87.6

TABLE 104 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentioncathode of of protic moisture limit ratio (%) active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-21 LiNiO₂ 1.0 20 20 4.30 94.9 930 90.3Example 8-22 LiNiO₂ 1.5 20 20 4.30 94.8 92.5 89.5 Example 8-23 LiNiO₂1.0 25 20 4.30 94.8 92.4 89.5 Example 8-24 LiNiO₂ 1.0 20 30 4.30 94.892.4 89.1 Comparative Example 8-16 LiNiO₂ 1.5 25 30 4.30 94.4 91.4 87.5

TABLE 105 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentioncathode of of protic moisture limit ratio (%) active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-25 LiNiO₂ 1.0 20 20 4.40 94.2 86.2 82.6Example 8-26 LiNiO₂ 1.5 20 20 4.40 93.5 83.9 81.1 Example 8-27 LiNiO₂1.0 25 20 4.40 94.0 85.1 81.8 Example 8-28 LiNiO₂ 1.0 20 30 4.40 93.985.3 81.2 Comparative Example 8-17 LiNiO₂ 1.5 25 30 4.40 93.0 83.3 76.9

TABLE 106 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentioncathode of of protic moisture limit ratio (%) active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-29 LiNiO₂ 1.0 20 20 4.50 90.2 84.2 70.6Example 8-30 LiNiO₂ 1.5 20 20 4.50 88.8 81.9 70.1 Example 8-31 LiNiO₂1.0 25 20 4.50 89.2 82.1 69.8 Example 8-32 LiNiO₂ 1.0 20 30 4.50 89.482.3 70.0 Comparative Example 8-18 LiNiO₂ 1.5 25 30 4.50 85.1 80.3 66.9

TABLE 107 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentioncathode of of protic moisture limit ratio (%) active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-33 LiCo_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 20 20 4.2599.0 96.0 93.1 Example 8-34 LiCo_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.25 98.795.1 92.0 Example 8-35 LiCo_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 25 20 4.25 98.7 95.292.0 Example 8-36 LiCo_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.25 98.8 95.1 92.0Comparative Example 8-19 LiCo_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 20 20 4.20 99.0 96.293.2 Comparative Example 8-20 LiCo_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.20 99.096.1 93.3 Comparative Example 8-21 LiCo_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 25 20 4.2099.0 96.0 93.2 Comparative Example 8-22 LiCo_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 20 304.20 99.0 96.1 93.1 Comparative Example 8-23 LiCo_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 2530 4.20 98.8 95.9 92.7 Comparative Example 8-24 LiCo_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O₂ 1.525 30 4.25 98.5 94.9 91.2

TABLE 108 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-37 LiCo_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 20 20 4.3099.0 96.0 93.0 Example 8-38 LiCo_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.30 98.795.0 92.0 Example 8-39 LiCo_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 25 20 4.30 98.6 95.192.0 Example 8-40 LiCo_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.30 98.6 95.0 92.0Comparative Example 8-25 LiCo_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.30 98.3 94.791.0

TABLE 109 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-41 LiCo_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 20 20 4.4096.5 93.0 88.7 Example 8-42 LiCo_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.40 94.392.5 86.6 Example 8-43 LiCo_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 25 20 4.40 94.5 92.787.7 Example 8-44 LiCo_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.40 95.1 92.9 88.1Comparative Example 8-26 LiCo_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.40 93.0 90.079.2

TABLE 110 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-45 LiCo_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 20 20 4.5094.5 89.0 82.7 Example 8-46 LiCo_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.50 91.387.5 76.6 Example 8-47 LiCo_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 25 20 4.50 92.5 88.777.7 Example 8-48 LiCo_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.50 93.1 88.9 78.1Comparative Example 8-27 LiCo_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.50 91.0 87.072.2

TABLE 111 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-49 LiCo_(0.8)Ni_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.25 99.0 96.2 92.5 Example 8-50 LiCo_(0.8)Ni_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.25 98.6 95.3 91.2 Example 8-51 LiCo_(0.8)Ni_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.25 98.6 95.3 91.3 Example 8-52LiCo_(0.8)Ni_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.25 98.6 95.4 91.3 ComparativeExample 8-28 LiCo_(0.8)Ni_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 20 4.20 99.0 96.392.7 Comparative Example 8-29 LiCo_(0.8)Ni_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 204.20 98.9 96.3 92.6 Comparative Example 8-30LiCo_(0.8)Ni_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 25 20 4.20 98.7 96.2 92.6 ComparativeExample 8-31 LiCo_(0.8)Ni_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.20 98.7 96.292.5 Comparative Example 8-32 LiCo_(0.8)Ni_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 304.20 98.6 96.0 92.0 Comparative Example 8-33LiCo_(0.8)Ni_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.25 98.2 95.0 91.0

TABLE 112 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-53 LiCo_(0.8)Ni_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.30 99.0 96.0 92.2 Example 8-54 LiCo_(0.8)Ni_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.30 98.5 95.1 91.0 Example 8-55 LiCo_(0.8)Ni_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.30 98.4 95.1 91.0 Example 8-56LiCo_(0.8)Ni_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.30 98.6 95.2 91.1 ComparativeExample 8-34 LiCo_(0.8)Ni_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.30 98.1 95.090.8

TABLE 113 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-57 LiCo_(0.8)Ni_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.40 96.4 93.8 88.5 Example 8-58 LiCo_(0.8)Ni_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.40 95.4 91.5 86.9 Example 8-59 LiCo_(0.8)Ni_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.40 94.7 92.3 87.6 Example 8-60LiCo_(0.8)Ni_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.40 94.5 92.4 87.7 ComparativeExample 8-35 LiCo_(0.8)Ni_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.40 93.5 90.978.9

TABLE 114 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-61 LiCo_(0.8)Ni_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.50 94.4 88.8 83.5 Example 8-62 LiCo_(0.8)Ni_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.50 91.4 87.5 76.9 Example 8-63 LiCo_(0.8)Ni_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.50 91.7 88.3 77.6 Example 8-64LiCo_(0.8)Ni_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.50 91.5 88.4 77.7 ComparativeExample 8-36 LiCo_(0.8)Ni_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.50 90.5 86.971.9

TABLE 115 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-65 LiCo_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.25 99.2 96.4 91.7 Example 8-66 LiCo_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.25 99.0 95.4 90.5 Example 8-67 LiCo_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.25 99.0 95.5 90.6 Example 8-68LiCo_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.25 99.0 95.5 90.7 ComparativeExample 8-37 LiCo_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 20 4.20 99.2 96.692.0 Comparative Example 8-38 LiCo_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 204.20 99.0 96.5 91.9 Comparative Example 8-39LiCo_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 25 20 4.20 99.1 96.5 91.8 ComparativeExample 8-40 LiCo_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.20 99.1 96.591.7 Comparative Example 8-41 LiCo_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 304.20 98.5 96.2 90.8 Comparative Example 8-42LiCo_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.25 98.8 95.4 90.2

TABLE 116 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-69 LiCo_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.30 99.1 96.2 91.5 Example 8-70 LiCo_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.30 99.0 95.1 90.2 Example 8-71 LiCo_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.30 99.0 95.2 90.3 Example 8-72LiCo_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.30 99.0 95.3 90.4 ComparativeExample 8-43 LiCo_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.30 98.7 95.290.0

TABLE 117 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-73 LiCo_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.40 96.2 93.0 88.7 Example 8-74 LiCo_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.40 95.2 91.9 87.0 Example 8-75 LiCo_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.40 95.8 91.9 87.5 Example 8-76LiCo_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.40 95.5 92.1 87.7 ComparativeExample 8-44 LiCo_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.40 93.5 90.779.1

TABLE 118 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-77 LiCo_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.50 94.2 89.0 83.7 Example 8-78 LiCo_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.50 91.0 86.9 77.0 Example 8-79 LiCo_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.50 93.8 88.9 84.0 Example 8-80LiCo_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.50 93.5 89.1 83.9 ComparativeExample 8-45 LiCo_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.50 90.5 85.771.7

TABLE 119 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-81 LiCo_(0.9)Ti_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.25 98.8 96.5 93.0 Example 8-82 LiCo_(0.9)Ti_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.25 98.7 95.3 91.6 Example 8-83 LiCo_(0.9)Ti_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.25 98.7 95.4 91.6 Example 8-84LiCo_(0.9)Ti_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.25 98.7 95.4 91.6 ComparativeExample 8-46 LiCo_(0.9)Ti_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 20 4.20 98.8 96.793.2 Comparative Example 8-47 LiCo_(0.9)Ti_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 204.20 98.8 96.7 93.3 Comparative Example 8-48LiCo_(0.9)Ti_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 25 20 4.20 98.7 96.7 93.0 ComparativeExample 8-49 LiCo_(0.9)Ti_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.20 98.7 96.793.0 Comparative Example 8-50 LiCo_(0.9)Ti_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 304.20 98.5 96.4 92.4 Comparative Example 8-51LiCo_(0.9)Ti_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.25 98.5 95.2 90.1

TABLE 120 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-85 LiCo_(0.9)Ti_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.30 98.6 96.4 93.0 Example 8-86 LiCo_(0.9)Ti_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.30 98.5 95.2 91.5 Example 8-87 LiCo_(0.9)Ti_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.30 98.6 95.4 91.5 Example 8-88LiCo_(0.9)Ti_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.30 98.7 95.3 91.6 ComparativeExample 8-52 LiCo_(0.9)Ti_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.30 98.5 95.190.0

TABLE 121 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-89 LiCo_(0.9)Ti_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.40 96.8 93.5 88.7 Example 8-90 LiCo_(0.9)Ti_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.40 95.8 91.7 87.4 Example 8-91 LiCo_(0.9)Ti_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.40 96.2 93.2 87.7 Example 8-92LiCo_(0.9)Ti_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.40 96.2 93.3 87.9 ComparativeExample 8-53 LiCo_(0.9)Ti_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.40 93.5 90.878.8

TABLE 122 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-93 LiCo_(0.9)Ti_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.50 93.8 88.5 79.7 Example 8-94 LiCo_(0.9)Ti_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.50 90.8 86.7 73.4 Example 8-95 LiCo_(0.9)Ti_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.50 94.2 89.2 80.0 Example 8-96LiCo_(0.9)Ti_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.50 94.2 89.3 79.9 ComparativeExample 8-54 LiCo_(0.9)Ti_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.50 90.5 85.870.8

TABLE 123 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-97 LiCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 2020 4.25 98.9 95.6 92.3 Example 8-98 LiCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.25 98.5 94.3 91.0 Example 8-99 LiCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂0.7 25 20 4.25 98.5 94.3 91.0 Example 8-100LiCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 20 30 4.25 98.6 94.3 91.0 ComparativeExample 8-55 LiCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 20 20 4.20 98.9 95.692.6 Comparative Example 8-56 LiCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 204.20 98.8 95.5 92.5 Comparative Example 8-57LiCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 25 20 4.20 98.9 95.5 92.5 ComparativeExample 8-58 LiCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 20 30 4.20 98.9 95.592.5 Comparative Example 8-59 LiCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 304.20 98.8 95.1 92.1 Comparative Example 8-60LiCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.25 98.4 93.5 90.2

TABLE 124 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-101 LiCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 2020 4.30 98.9 95.5 92.3 Example 8-102 LiCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.30 98.4 94.1 90.8 Example 8-103 LiCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂0.7 25 20 4.30 98.3 94.2 90.9 Example 8-104LiCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 20 30 4.30 98.4 94.3 90.0 ComparativeExample 8-61 LiCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.30 98.2 93.189.2

TABLE 125 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-105 LiCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 2020 4.40 97.9 94.6 89.5 Example 8-106 LiCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.40 96.9 93.5 88.0 Example 8-107 LiCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂0.7 25 20 4.40 97.0 94.3 89.2 Example 8-108LiCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 20 30 4.40 97.6 94.1 89.1 ComparativeExample 8-62 LiCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.40 96.6 91.780.2

TABLE 126 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-109 LiCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 2020 4.50 93.9 87.6 78.5 Example 8-110 LiCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.50 90.9 86.5 73.0 Example 8-111 LiCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂0.7 25 20 4.50 94.0 87.3 77.8 Example 8-112LiCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 20 30 4.50 93.6 87.4 78.1 ComparativeExample 8-63 LiCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.50 90.6 85.771.2

TABLE 127 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-113 LiCo_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 20 20 4.2598.7 96.2 92.1 Example 8-114 LiCo_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.25 98.595.3 90.7 Example 8-115 LiCo_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 25 20 4.25 98.6 95.490.8 Example 8-116 LiCo_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.25 98.5 95.4 90.7Comparative Example 8-64 LiCo_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 20 20 4.20 98.7 96.392.1 Comparative Example 8-65 LiCo_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.20 98.896.3 92.1 Comparative Example 8-66 LiCo_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 25 20 4.2098.7 96.2 92.0 Comparative Example 8-67 LiCo_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 20 304.20 98.6 96.2 92.0 Comparative Example 8-68 LiCo_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 2530 4.20 98.5 95.9 91.5 Comparative Example 8-69 LiCo_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.525 30 4.25 98.5 95.1 90.1

TABLE 128 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-117 LiCo_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 20 20 4.3098.5 96.1 92.0 Example 8-118 LiCo_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.30 98.395.0 90.4 Example 8-119 LiCo_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 25 20 4.30 98.3 95.290.5 Example 8-120 LiCo_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.30 98.4 95.2 90.5Comparative Example 8-70 LiCo_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.30 98.1 95.089.1

TABLE 129 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-121 LiCo_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 20 20 4.4097.7 94.2 88.8 Example 8-122 LiCo_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.40 96.693.0 85.9 Example 8-123 LiCo_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 25 20 4.40 96.9 94.187.1 Example 8-124 LiCo_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.40 97.1 93.8 87.1Comparative Example 8-71 LiCo_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.40 95.4 90.879.9

TABLE 130 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-125 LiCo_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 20 20 4.5093.7 87.2 78.6 Example 8-126 LiCo_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.50 90.686.0 73.1 Example 8-127 LiCo_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 25 20 4.50 92.9 87.177.1 Example 8-128 LiCo_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.50 93.1 87.0 78.1Comparative Example 8-72 LiCo_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.50 90.4 85.871.1

TABLE 131 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-129 LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O₂ 0.3 20 20 4.2599.0 96.6 92.9 Example 8-130 LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.25 97.995.4 91.7 Example 8-131 LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O₂ 0.3 25 20 4.25 98.0 95.391.8 Example 8-132 LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O₂ 0.3 20 30 4.25 98.0 95.4 91.7Comparative Example 8-73 LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O₂ 0.3 20 20 4.20 99.0 96.793.4 Comparative Example 8-74 LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.20 99.196.7 93.4 Comparative Example 8-75 LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O₂ 0.3 25 20 4.2099.0 96.7 93.4 Comparative Example 8-76 LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O₂ 0.3 20 304.20 99.0 96.7 93.4 Comparative Example 8-77 LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O₂ 1.5 2530 4.20 98.6 96.5 93.0 Comparative Example 8-78 LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O₂ 1.525 30 4.25 97.8 94.1 91.3

TABLE 132 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-133 LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O₂ 0.3 20 20 4.3099.0 96.5 92.7 Example 8-134 LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.30 97.695.2 91.5 Example 8-135 LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O₂ 0.3 25 20 4.30 98.0 95.291.8 Example 8-136 LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O₂ 0.3 20 30 4.30 98.0 95.2 91.7Comparative Example 8-79 LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.30 97.8 94.091.3

TABLE 133 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-137 LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O₂ 0.3 20 20 4.4097.4 95.1 89.9 Example 8-138 LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.40 96.593.7 88.2 Example 8-139 LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O₂ 0.3 25 20 4.40 97.1 95.088.7 Example 8-140 LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O₂ 0.3 20 30 4.40 96.9 94.7 88.9Comparative Example 8-80 LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.40 94.9 92.982.2

TABLE 134 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-141 LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O₂ 0.3 20 20 4.5094.4 89.1 85.9 Example 8-142 LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.50 91.587.7 77.2 Example 8-143 LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O₂ 0.3 25 20 4.50 93.8 89.084.0 Example 8-144 LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O₂ 0.3 20 30 4.50 93.7 88.7 83.9Comparative Example 8-81 LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.50 91.4 87.075.2

TABLE 135 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-145 LiNi_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.25 96.0 94.2 92.2 Example 8-146 LiNi_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.25 96.0 93.5 90.3 Example 8-147 LiNi_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.25 96.0 93.5 90.4 Example 8-148LiNi_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.25 96.0 93.6 90.3 ComparativeExample 8-82 LiNi_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 20 4.20 96.0 94.392.3 Comparative Example 8-83 LiNi_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 204.20 95.9 94.3 92.2 Comparative Example 8-84LiNi_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 25 20 4.20 95.9 94.2 92.2 ComparativeExample 8-85 LiNi_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.20 95.8 94.292.2 Comparative Example 8-86 LiNi_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 304.20 95.2 93.9 91.9 Comparative Example 8-87LiNi_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.25 96.0 93.0 90.0

TABLE 136 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-149 LiNi_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.30 96.0 94.1 92.1 Example 8-150 LiNi_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.30 96.0 93.3 90.2 Example 8-151 LiNi_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.30 96.0 93.4 90.4 Example 8-152LiNi_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.30 96.0 93.6 90.2 ComparativeExample 8-88 LiNi_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.30 96.0 93.089.4

TABLE 137 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-153 LiNi_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.40 95.4 93.2 89.2 Example 8-154 LiNi_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.40 95.0 91.9 83.3 Example 8-155 LiNi_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.40 95.1 92.7 86.2 Example 8-156LiNi_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.40 95.3 93.0 86.0 ComparativeExample 8-89 LiNi_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.40 95.2 92.280.7

TABLE 138 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-157 LiNi_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.50 92.4 88.2 79.2 Example 8-158 LiNi_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.50 90.5 85.9 73.3 Example 8-159 LiNi_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.50 91.1 87.7 76.2 Example 8-160LiNi_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.50 91.3 88.0 76.0 ComparativeExample 8-90 LiNi_(0.9)Mg_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.50 90.2 85.271.7

TABLE 139 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-161 LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 0.9 2020 4.25 96.0 94.5 92.4 Example 8-162 LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.25 95.6 94.2 91.3 Example 8-163 LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂0.9 25 20 4.25 95.7 94.2 91.3 Example 8-164LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 0.9 20 30 4.25 95.7 94.3 91.4 ComparativeExample 8-91 LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 0.9 20 20 4.20 96.0 94.592.4 Comparative Example 8-92 LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 204.20 96.0 94.5 92.3 Comparative Example 8-93LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 0.9 25 20 4.20 96.0 94.5 92.3 ComparativeExample 8-94 LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 0.9 20 30 4.20 96.0 94.592.2 Comparative Example 8-95 LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 304.20 95.9 94.4 91.8 Comparative Example 8-96LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.25 95.5 94.0 90.5

TABLE 140 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-165 LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 0.9 2020 4.30 96.0 94.4 92.0 Example 8-166 LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.30 95.5 94.2 91.1 Example 8-167 LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂0.9 25 20 4.30 95.5 94.2 91.2 Example 8-168LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 0.9 20 30 4.30 95.6 94.2 91.0 ComparativeExample 8-97 LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.30 95.1 93.890.1

TABLE 141 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-169 LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 0.9 2020 4.40 95.0 92.8 89.4 Example 8-170 LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.40 94.7 91.2 85.0 Example 8-171 LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂0.9 25 20 4.40 94.5 92.1 86.7 Example 8-172LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 0.9 20 30 4.40 94.8 91.9 86.5 ComparativeExample 8-98 LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.40 94.1 90.080.1

TABLE 142 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-173 LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 0.9 2020 4.50 93.0 88.8 81.4 Example 8-174 LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.50 90.7 86.2 76.0 Example 8-175 LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂0.9 25 20 4.50 92.5 88.1 80.7 Example 8-176LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 0.9 20 30 4.50 92.0 87.9 80.5 ComparativeExample 8-99 LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.50 90.1 86.072.1

TABLE 143 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-177 LiNi_(0.8)Fe_(0.05)Al_(0.15)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.25 95.6 94.0 92.3 Example 8-178 LiNi_(0.8)Fe_(0.05)Al_(0.15)O₂ 1.520 20 4.25 95.1 92.7 90.9 Example 8-179 LiNi_(0.8)Fe_(0.05)Al_(0.15)O₂1.0 25 20 4.25 95.2 92.6 90.9 Example 8-180LiNi_(0.8)Fe_(0.05)Al_(0.15)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.25 95.1 92.7 90.8 ComparativeExample 8-100 LiNi_(0.8)Fe_(0.05)Al_(0.15)O₂ 1.0 20 20 4.20 95.6 94.092.3 Comparative Example 8-101 LiNi_(0.8)Fe_(0.05)Al_(0.15)O₂ 1.5 20 204.20 95.5 94.0 92.4 Comparative Example 8-102LiNi_(0.8)Fe_(0.05)Al_(0.15)O₂ 1.0 25 20 4.20 95.5 94.0 92.4 ComparativeExample 8-103 LiNi_(0.8)Fe_(0.05)Al_(0.15)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.20 95.5 94.192.5 Comparative Example 8-104 LiNi_(0.8)Fe_(0.05)Al_(0.15)O₂ 1.5 25 304.20 95.5 93.8 92.0 Comparative Example 8-105LiNi_(0.8)Fe_(0.05)Al_(0.15)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.25 95.0 92.5 90.2

TABLE 144 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-181 LiNi_(0.8)Fe_(0.05)Al_(0.15)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.30 95.5 94.0 92.2 Example 8-182 LiNi_(0.8)Fe_(0.05)Al_(0.15)O₂ 1.520 20 4.30 95.0 92.3 90.8 Example 8-183 LiNi_(0.8)Fe_(0.05)Al_(0.15)O₂1.0 25 20 4.30 95.2 92.2 90.9 Example 8-184LiNi_(0.8)Fe_(0.05)Al_(0.15)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.30 95.1 92.4 90.8 ComparativeExample 8-106 LiNi_(0.8)Fe_(0.05)Al_(0.15)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.30 94.8 92.390.1

TABLE 145 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-185 LiNi_(0.8)Fe_(0.05)Al_(0.15)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.40 95.0 91.9 88.3 Example 8-186 LiNi_(0.8)Fe_(0.05)Al_(0.15)O₂ 1.520 20 4.40 93.5 90.3 84.5 Example 8-187 LiNi_(0.8)Fe_(0.05)Al_(0.15)O₂1.0 25 20 4.40 94.2 91.5 86.8 Example 8-188LiNi_(0.8)Fe_(0.05)Al_(0.15)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.40 94.3 91.5 86.8 ComparativeExample 8-107 LiNi_(0.8)Fe_(0.05)Al_(0.15)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.40 93.2 90.781.1

TABLE 146 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-189 LiNi_(0.8)Fe_(0.05)Al_(0.15)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.50 93.6 86.9 77.3 Example 8-190 LiNi_(0.8)Fe_(0.05)Al_(0.15)O₂ 1.520 20 4.50 91.0 85.3 73.5 Example 8-191 LiNi_(0.8)Fe_(0.05)Al_(0.15)O₂1.0 25 20 4.50 93.2 86.8 76.8 Example 8-192LiNi_(0.8)Fe_(0.05)Al_(0.15)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.50 93.3 86.5 76.8 ComparativeExample 8-108 LiNi_(0.8)Fe_(0.05)Al_(0.15)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.50 91.0 84.771.1

TABLE 147 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-193 LiCo_(0.333)Ni_(0.333)Mn_(0.333)O₂0.3 20 20 4.25 99.0 96.5 92.8 Example 8-194LiCo_(0.333)Ni_(0.333)Mn_(0.333)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.25 98.7 96.0 91.5 Example8-195 LiCo_(0.333)Ni_(0.333)Mn_(0.333)O₂ 0.3 25 20 4.25 98.7 96.0 91.8Example 8-196 LiCo_(0.333)Ni_(0.333)Mn_(0.333)O₂ 0.3 20 30 4.25 98.795.9 92.0 Comparative Example 8-109 LiCo_(0.333)Ni_(0.333)Mn_(0.333)O₂0.3 20 20 4.20 99.0 96.6 93.5 Comparative Example 8-110LiCo_(0.333)Ni_(0.333)Mn_(0.333)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.20 98.9 96.6 93.6Comparative Example 8-111 LiCo_(0.333)Ni_(0.333)Mn_(0.333)O₂ 0.3 25 204.20 99.0 96.6 93.5 Comparative Example 8-112LiCo_(0.333)Ni_(0.333)Mn_(0.333)O₂ 0.3 20 30 4.20 99.0 96.7 93.5Comparative Example 8-113 LiCo_(0.333)Ni_(0.333)Mn_(0.333)O₂ 1.5 25 304.20 98.9 96.5 93.3 Comparative Example 8-114LiCo_(0.333)Ni_(0.333)Mn_(0.333)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.25 98.5 95.6 90.7

TABLE 148 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-197 LiCo_(0.333)Ni_(0.333)Mn_(0.333)O₂0.3 20 20 4.30 99.0 96.4 92.7 Example 8-198LiCo_(0.333)Ni_(0.333)Mn_(0.333)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.30 98.7 96.0 91.4 Example8-199 LiCo_(0.333)Ni_(0.333)Mn_(0.333)O₂ 0.3 25 20 4.30 98.6 95.9 91.7Example 8-200 LiCo_(0.333)Ni_(0.333)Mn_(0.333)O₂ 0.3 20 30 4.30 98.795.9 92.0 Comparative Example 8-115 LiCo_(0.333)Ni_(0.333)Mn_(0.333)O₂1.5 25 30 4.30 98.4 95.4 90.3

TABLE 148 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-201 LiCo_(0.333)Ni_(0.333)Mn_(0.333)O₂0.3 20 20 4.40 97.1 94.5 90.8 Example 8-202LiCo_(0.333)Ni_(0.333)Mn_(0.333)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.40 96.3 92.7 87.5 Example8-203 LiCo_(0.333)Ni_(0.333)Mn_(0.333)O₂ 0.3 25 20 4.40 96.7 93.0 88.8Example 8-204 LiCo_(0.333)Ni_(0.333)Mn_(0.333)O₂ 0.3 20 30 4.40 96.893.1 89.0 Comparative Example 8-116 LiCo_(0.333)Ni_(0.333)Mn_(0.333)O₂1.5 25 30 4.40 95.3 91.2 85.8

TABLE 149 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-205 LiCo_(0.333)Ni_(0.333)Mn_(0.333)O₂0.3 20 20 4.50 94.1 89.5 84.8 Example 8-206LiCo_(0.333)Ni_(0.333)Mn_(0.333)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.50 91.3 87.7 77.5 Example8-207 LiCo_(0.333)Ni_(0.333)Mn_(0.333)O₂ 0.3 25 20 4.50 93.7 89.0 81.8Example 8-208 LiCo_(0.333)Ni_(0.333)Mn_(0.333)O₂ 0.3 20 30 4.50 93.889.1 82.0 Comparative Example 8-117 LiCo_(0.333)Ni_(0.333)Mn_(0.333)O₂1.5 25 30 4.50 91.3 87.2 73.8

TABLE 150 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-209 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Al_(0.2)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.25 98.5 95.4 92.2 Example 8-210 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Al_(0.2)O₂ 1.5 2020 4.25 98.2 94.7 90.7 Example 8-211 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Al_(0.2)O₂ 1.0 2520 4.25 98.2 94.7 91.2 Example 8-212 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Al_(0.2)O₂ 1.0 2030 4.25 98.3 95.0 90.9 Comparative Example 8-118LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Al_(0.2)O₂ 1.0 20 20 4.20 98.5 95.5 92.5 ComparativeExample 8-119 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Al_(0.2)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.20 98.5 95.4 92.5Comparative Example 8-120 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Al_(0.2)O₂ 1.0 25 20 4.2098.5 95.4 92.4 Comparative Example 8-121 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Al_(0.2)O₂1.0 20 30 4.20 98.5 95.4 92.4 Comparative Example 8-122LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Al_(0.2)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.20 98.3 95.2 92.0 ComparativeExample 8-123 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Al_(0.2)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.25 98.1 94.0 90.0

TABLE 151 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-213 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Al_(0.2)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.30 98.4 95.4 92.1 Example 8-214 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Al_(0.2)O₂ 1.5 2020 4.30 98.2 94.3 90.5 Example 8-215 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Al_(0.2)O₂ 1.0 2520 4.30 98.2 94.5 91.0 Example 8-216 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Al_(0.2)O₂ 1.0 2030 4.30 98.3 94.3 90.8 Comparative Example 8-124LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Al_(0.2)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.30 98.0 93.8 89.2

TABLE 152 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-217 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Al_(0.2)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.40 96.5 93.4 89.2 Example 8-218 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Al_(0.2)O₂ 1.5 2020 4.40 95.9 92.1 86.3 Example 8-219 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Al_(0.2)O₂ 1.0 2520 4.40 96.1 92.7 86.8 Example 8-220 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Al_(0.2)O₂ 1.0 2030 4.40 96.3 92.5 87.1 Comparative Example 8-125LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Al_(0.2)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.40 94.1 91.5 83.3

TABLE 153 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity retentionof of protic moisture limit ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-221 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Al_(0.2)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.50 94.5 88.4 82.2 Example 8-222 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Al_(0.2)O₂ 1.5 2020 4.50 90.9 86.1 76.3 Example 8-223 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Al_(0.2)O₂ 1.0 2520 4.50 91.6 87.7 80.8 Example 8-224 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Al_(0.2)O₂ 1.0 2030 4.50 92.3 87.5 81.1 Comparative Example 8-126LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Al_(0.2)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.50 90.1 85.2 73.3

TABLE 154 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-225 LiCo_(0.45)Ni_(0.5)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.25 99.0 96.3 92.4 Example 8-226 LiCo_(0.45)Ni_(0.5)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.25 98.6 95.4 91.4 Example 8-227 LiCo_(0.45)Ni_(0.5)Mg_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.25 98.6 95.7 91.8 Example 8-228LiCo_(0.45)Ni_(0.5)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.25 98.6 95.4 91.7 ComparativeExample 8-127 LiCo_(0.45)Ni_(0.5)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 20 4.20 99.0 96.392.7 Comparative Example 8-128 LiCo_(0.45)Ni_(0.5)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 204.20 98.8 96.2 92.6 Comparative Example 8-129LiCo_(0.45)Ni_(0.5)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 25 20 4.20 98.9 96.3 92.6 ComparativeExample 8-130 LiCo_(0.45)Ni_(0.5)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.20 99.0 96.392.5 Comparative Example 8-131 LiCo_(0.45)Ni_(0.5)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 304.20 98.7 96.0 91.8 Comparative Example 8-132LiCo_(0.45)Ni_(0.5)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.25 98.5 95.0 90.7

TABLE 155 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-229 LiCo_(0.45)Ni_(0.5)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.30 99.0 96.2 92.3 Example 8-230 LiCo_(0.45)Ni_(0.5)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.30 98.4 95.2 91.3 Example 8-231 LiCo_(0.45)Ni_(0.5)Mg_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.30 98.5 95.5 91.7 Example 8-232LiCo_(0.45)Ni_(0.5)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.30 98.6 95.4 91.5 ComparativeExample 8-133 LiCo_(0.45)Ni_(0.5)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.30 98.4 95.090.0

TABLE 156 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-233 LiCo_(0.45)Ni_(0.5)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.40 97.0 93.3 89.4 Example 8-234 LiCo_(0.45)Ni_(0.5)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.40 96.0 92.9 87.5 Example 8-235 LiCo_(0.45)Ni_(0.5)Mg_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.40 97.1 93.2 89.0 Example 8-236LiCo_(0.45)Ni_(0.5)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.40 96.9 93.0 89.2 ComparativeExample 8-134 LiCo_(0.45)Ni_(0.5)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.40 95.5 91.782.2

TABLE 157 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-237 LiCo_(0.45)Ni_(0.5)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.50 94.0 88.3 80.4 Example 8-238 LiCo_(0.45)Ni_(0.5)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.50 91.0 85.9 73.5 Example 8-239 LiCo_(0.45)Ni_(0.5)Mg_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.50 93.5 86.2 80.0 Example 8-240LiCo_(0.45)Ni_(0.5)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.50 92.9 86.4 79.8 ComparativeExample 8-135 LiCo_(0.45)Ni_(0.5)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.50 91.0 83.770.2

TABLE 158 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-241 LiCo_(0.35)Ni_(0.6)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.25 98.8 94.6 92.0 Example 8-242 LiCo_(0.35)Ni_(0.6)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.25 98.7 94.1 90.6 Example 8-243 LiCo_(0.35)Ni_(0.6)Ti_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.25 98.7 94.3 91.1 Example 8-244LiCo_(0.35)Ni_(0.6)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.25 98.8 94.5 90.8 ComparativeExample 8-136 LiCo_(0.35)Ni_(0.6)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 20 4.20 98.8 94.692.2 Comparative Example 8-137 LiCo_(0.35)Ni_(0.6)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 204.20 98.9 94.6 92.0 Comparative Example 8-138LiCo_(0.35)Ni_(0.6)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 25 20 4.20 98.8 94.6 92.1 ComparativeExample 8-139 LiCo_(0.35)Ni_(0.6)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.20 98.8 94.692.0 Comparative Example 8-140 LiCo_(0.35)Ni_(0.6)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 304.20 98.7 94.4 91.5 Comparative Example 8-141LiCo_(0.35)Ni_(0.6)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.25 98.6 93.7 89.8

TABLE 159 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-245 LiCo_(0.35)Ni_(0.6)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.30 98.7 94.5 91.8 Example 8-246 LiCo_(0.35)Ni_(0.6)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.30 98.5 94.0 90.4 Example 8-247 LiCo_(0.35)Ni_(0.6)Ti_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.30 98.6 94.2 91.0 Example 8-248LiCo_(0.35)Ni_(0.6)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.30 98.7 94.3 90.8 ComparativeExample 8-142 LiCo_(0.35)Ni_(0.6)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.30 98.4 93.289.1

TABLE 160 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-249 LiCo_(0.35)Ni_(0.6)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.40 96.8 93.6 88.0 Example 8-250 LiCo_(0.35)Ni_(0.6)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.40 95.1 92.3 83.9 Example 8-251 LiCo_(0.35)Ni_(0.6)Ti_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.40 96.0 93.4 87.6 Example 8-252LiCo_(0.35)Ni_(0.6)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.40 96.1 93.5 87.1 ComparativeExample 8-143 LiCo_(0.35)Ni_(0.6)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.40 95.0 91.879.8

TABLE 161 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-253 LiCo_(0.35)Ni_(0.6)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.50 93.8 87.6 78.0 Example 8-254 LiCo_(0.35)Ni_(0.6)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.50 91.1 86.3 72.9 Example 8-255 LiCo_(0.35)Ni_(0.6)Ti_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.50 93.0 87.4 77.6 Example 8-256LiCo_(0.35)Ni_(0.6)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.50 93.1 87.5 77.1 ComparativeExample 8-144 LiCo_(0.35)Ni_(0.6)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.50 91.0 85.869.8

TABLE 162 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-257 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.75)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.25 97.3 94.6 91.8 Example 8-258 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.75)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.25 97.0 94.1 90.2 Example 8-259 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.75)Cr_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.25 97.2 94.5 90.8 Example 8-260LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.75)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.25 97.1 94.3 91.1 ComparativeExample 8-145 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.75)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 20 4.20 97.3 94.792.3 Comparative Example 8-146 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.75)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 204.20 97.2 94.7 92.2 Comparative Example 8-147LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.75)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 25 20 4.20 97.2 94.7 92.2 ComparativeExample 8-148 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.75)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.20 97.2 94.792.1 Comparative Example 8-149 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.75)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 304.20 97.0 94.5 91.3 Comparative Example 8-150LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.75)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.25 97.0 94.1 89.9

TABLE 163 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-261 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.75)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.30 97.2 94.5 91.6 Example 8-262 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.75)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.30 96.7 94.0 90.0 Example 8-263 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.75)Cr_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.30 97.0 94.0 90.4 Example 8-264LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.75)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.30 97.0 94.1 90.6 ComparativeExample 8-151 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.75)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.30 96.8 93.789.1

TABLE 164 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-265 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.75)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.40 96.3 93.6 88.8 Example 8-266 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.75)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.40 95.8 91.8 84.0 Example 8-267 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.75)Cr_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.40 95.9 92.3 88.1 Example 8-268LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.75)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.40 96.0 92.6 87.9 ComparativeExample 8-152 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.75)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.40 95.6 90.979.7

TABLE 165 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-269 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.75)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.50 93.3 86.6 78.8 Example 8-270 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.75)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.520 20 4.50 90.8 85.4 74.0 Example 8-271 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.75)Cr_(0.05)O₂1.0 25 20 4.50 92.7 86.3 78.1 Example 8-272LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.75)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.50 93.0 85.8 77.3 ComparativeExample 8-153 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.75)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.50 90.6 84.970.7

TABLE 166 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-273 LiCo_(0.25)Ni_(0.65)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.25 97.7 95.0 92.3 Example 8-274 LiCo_(0.25)Ni_(0.65)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.520 20 4.25 97.6 94.4 91.1 Example 8-275 LiCo_(0.25)Ni_(0.65)Fe_(0.1)O₂1.0 25 20 4.25 97.7 94.6 91.5 Example 8-276LiCo_(0.25)Ni_(0.65)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.25 97.8 94.5 91.6 ComparativeExample 8-154 LiCo_(0.25)Ni_(0.65)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 20 20 4.20 97.7 95.192.3 Comparative Example 8-155 LiCo_(0.25)Ni_(0.65)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 20 204.20 97.7 95.0 92.1 Comparative Example 8-156LiCo_(0.25)Ni_(0.65)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 25 20 4.20 97.7 95.0 92.2 ComparativeExample 8-157 LiCo_(0.25)Ni_(0.65)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.20 97.7 95.092.1 Comparative Example 8-158 LiCo_(0.25)Ni_(0.65)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 25 304.20 97.6 94.8 91.7 Comparative Example 8-159LiCo_(0.25)Ni_(0.65)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.25 97.5 94.2 91.2

TABLE 167 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-277 LiCo_(0.25)Ni_(0.65)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.30 97.6 95.0 92.1 Example 8-278 LiCo_(0.25)Ni_(0.65)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.520 20 4.30 97.6 94.3 90.8 Example 8-279 LiCo_(0.25)Ni_(0.65)Fe_(0.1)O₂1.0 25 20 4.30 97.6 94.2 91.2 Example 8-280LiCo_(0.25)Ni_(0.65)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.30 97.7 94.2 91.2 ComparativeExample 8-160 LiCo_(0.25)Ni_(0.65)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.30 97.3 94.090.3

TABLE 168 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-281 LiCo_(0.25)Ni_(0.65)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.40 95.7 93.5 89.3 Example 8-282 LiCo_(0.25)Ni_(0.65)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.520 20 4.40 95.2 91.6 83.5 Example 8-283 LiCo_(0.25)Ni_(0.65)Fe_(0.1)O₂1.0 25 20 4.40 95.4 92.7 88.8 Example 8-284LiCo_(0.25)Ni_(0.65)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.40 95.5 92.8 88.5 ComparativeExample 8-161 LiCo_(0.25)Ni_(0.65)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.40 94.9 91.080.2

TABLE 169 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-285 LiCo_(0.25)Ni_(0.65)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 2020 4.50 93.7 87.0 79.3 Example 8-286 LiCo_(0.25)Ni_(0.65)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.520 20 4.50 91.2 85.6 73.5 Example 8-287 LiCo_(0.25)Ni_(0.65)Fe_(0.1)O₂1.0 25 20 4.50 92.2 86.7 78.8 Example 8-288LiCo_(0.25)Ni_(0.65)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.0 20 30 4.50 92.5 86.8 78.5 ComparativeExample 8-162 LiCo_(0.25)Ni_(0.65)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.50 90.9 85.071.2

TABLE 170 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-289LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 20 20 4.25 98.7 95.5 92.3Example 8-290 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.25 98.594.3 90.8 Example 8-291 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 25 204.25 98.5 94.6 91.2 Example 8-292 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂0.7 20 30 4.25 98.7 94.5 91.3 Comparative Example 8-163LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 20 20 4.20 98.7 95.6 92.8Comparative Example 8-164 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 2020 4.20 98.6 95.6 92.6 Comparative Example 8-165LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 25 20 4.20 98.7 95.6 92.6Comparative Example 8-166 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 2030 4.20 98.7 95.5 92.6 Comparative Example 8-167LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.20 98.6 95.1 92.1Comparative Example 8-168 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 2530 4.25 98.4 94.0 90.0

TABLE 171 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-293LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 20 20 4.30 98.5 95.3 92.0Example 8-294 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.30 98.294.1 90.5 Example 8-295 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 25 204.30 98.3 94.2 91.0 Example 8-296 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂0.7 20 30 4.30 98.2 94.3 91.2 Comparative Example 8-169LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.30 98.1 93.7 88.8

TABLE 172 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-297LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 20 20 4.40 96.1 93.9 89.3Example 8-298 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.40 95.092.5 83.7 Example 8-299 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 25 204.40 95.7 93.0 85.0 Example 8-300 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂0.7 20 30 4.40 95.2 93.2 85.8 Comparative Example 8-170LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.40 94.4 90.9 81.1

TABLE 173 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-301LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 20 20 4.50 94.1 88.5 80.3Example 8-302 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.50 91.086.5 73.7 Example 8-303 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 25 204.50 93.7 88.0 80.0 Example 8-304 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂0.7 20 30 4.50 94.0 87.9 79.8 Comparative Example 8-171LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.50 90.4 85.9 71.1

TABLE 174 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-305LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Ti_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 20 4.25 97.9 94.6 91.6Example 8-306 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Ti_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.25 97.593.2 90.5 Example 8-307 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Ti_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 25 204.25 97.6 93.8 90.6 Example 8-308 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Ti_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂1.0 20 30 4.25 97.6 93.5 90.5 Comparative Example 8-172LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Ti_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 20 4.20 97.9 94.8 92.6Comparative Example 8-173 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Ti_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 2020 4.20 97.7 94.8 92.4 Comparative Example 8-174LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Ti_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 25 20 4.20 97.8 94.8 92.5Comparative Example 8-175 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Ti_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 2030 4.20 97.7 94.8 92.4 Comparative Example 8-176LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Ti_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.20 97.6 94.5 92.0Comparative Example 8-177 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Ti_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 2530 4.25 97.5 93.2 89.8

TABLE 175 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-309LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Ti_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 20 4.30 97.6 94.3 91.4Example 8-310 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Ti_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.30 97.293.0 90.3 Example 8-311 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Ti_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 25 204.30 97.4 93.6 90.4 Example 8-312 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Ti_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂1.0 20 30 4.30 97.4 93.5 90.5 Comparative Example 8-178LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Ti_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.30 97.0 92.8 89.0

TABLE 176 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-313LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Ti_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 20 4.40 95.9 93.6 89.6Example 8-314 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Ti_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.40 95.292.4 85.6 Example 8-315 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Ti_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 25 204.40 95.5 93.3 87.1 Example 8-316 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Ti_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂1.0 20 30 4.40 95.8 93.4 87.3 Comparative Example 8-179LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Ti_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.40 94.7 91.1 81.7

TABLE 177 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-317LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Ti_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 20 20 4.50 93.9 87.6 80.6Example 8-318 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Ti_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.50 91.286.4 73.6 Example 8-319 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Ti_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.0 25 204.50 93.5 87.3 80.1 Example 8-320 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Ti_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂1.0 20 30 4.50 92.8 87.4 80.3 Comparative Example 8-180LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Ti_(0.15)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.50 90.7 86.1 70.7

TABLE 178 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-321 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.2)Al_(0.1)O₂0.6 20 20 4.25 98.7 95.6 92.1 Example 8-322LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.2)Al_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.25 98.4 94.9 90.3Example 8-323 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.2)Al_(0.1)O₂ 0.6 25 20 4.25 98.694.9 90.7 Example 8-324 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.2)Al_(0.1)O₂ 0.6 20 304.25 98.5 95.2 91.1 Comparative Example 8-181LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.2)Al_(0.1)O₂ 0.6 20 20 4.20 98.7 95.6 92.7Comparative Example 8-182 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.2)Al_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 20 204.20 98.7 95.6 92.7 Comparative Example 8-183LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.2)Al_(0.1)O₂ 0.6 25 20 4.20 98.7 95.6 92.7Comparative Example 8-184 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.2)Al_(0.1)O₂ 0.6 20 304.20 98.7 95.6 92.6 Comparative Example 8-185LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.2)Al_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.20 98.6 95.4 92.0Comparative Example 8-186 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.2)Al_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 25 304.25 98.4 94.8 90.1

TABLE 179 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-325 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.2)Al_(0.1)O₂0.6 20 20 4.30 98.6 95.5 91.8 Example 8-326LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.2)Al_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.30 98.2 94.6 90.0Example 8-327 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.2)Al_(0.1)O₂ 0.6 25 20 4.30 98.594.8 90.2 Example 8-328 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.2)Al_(0.1)O₂ 0.6 20 304.30 98.5 95.2 90.6 Comparative Example 8-187LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.2)Al_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.30 98.1 94.4 89.4

TABLE 180 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-329 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.2)Al_(0.1)O₂0.6 20 20 4.40 96.7 94.6 90.1 Example 8-330LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.2)Al_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.40 95.8 93.1 87.9Example 8-331 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.2)Al_(0.1)O₂ 0.6 25 20 4.40 96.594.0 88.3 Example 8-332 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.2)Al_(0.1)O₂ 0.6 20 304.40 96.5 93.8 88.7 Comparative Example 8-188LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.2)Al_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.40 95.5 91.4 82.9

TABLE 181 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-333 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.2)Al_(0.1)O₂0.6 20 20 4.50 93.7 88.6 85.1 Example 8-334LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.2)Al_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.50 90.8 86.1 77.9Example 8-335 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.2)Al_(0.1)O₂ 0.6 25 20 4.50 93.588.0 84.3 Example 8-336 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.2)Al_(0.1)O₂ 0.6 20 304.50 93.5 87.8 84.7 Comparative Example 8-189LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.2)Al_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.50 90.5 85.4 72.9

TABLE 182 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-337 LiCo_(0.4)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)Mg_(0.1)O₂0.5 20 20 4.25 98.1 94.8 92.3 Example 8-338LiCo_(0.4)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)Mg_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.25 98.0 94.2 90.6Example 8-339 LiCo_(0.4)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)Mg_(0.1)O₂ 0.5 25 20 4.25 98.294.2 91.0 Example 8-340 LiCo_(0.4)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)Mg_(0.1)O₂ 0.5 20 304.25 98.1 94.6 91.0 Comparative Example 8-190LiCo_(0.4)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)Mg_(0.1)O₂ 0.5 20 20 4.20 98.1 94.9 92.5Comparative Example 8-191 LiCo_(0.4)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)Mg_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 20 204.20 98.3 94.8 92.5 Comparative Example 8-192LiCo_(0.4)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)Mg_(0.1)O₂ 0.5 25 20 4.20 98.2 94.7 92.4Comparative Example 8-193 LiCo_(0.4)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)Mg_(0.1)O₂ 0.5 20 304.20 98.1 94.7 92.4 Comparative Example 8-194LiCo_(0.4)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)Mg_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.20 98.0 94.2 91.6Comparative Example 8-195 LiCo_(0.4)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)Mg_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 25 304.25 98.0 94.0 90.2

TABLE 183 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-341 LiCo_(0.4)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)Mg_(0.1)O₂0.5 20 20 4.30 98.1 94.6 92.0 Example 8-342LiCo_(0.4)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)Mg_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.30 97.8 94.1 90.1Example 8-343 LiCo_(0.4)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)Mg_(0.1)O₂ 0.5 25 20 4.30 98.094.0 90.0 Example 8-344 LiCo_(0.4)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)Mg_(0.1)O₂ 0.5 20 304.30 98.1 94.4 90.4 Comparative Example 8-196LiCo_(0.4)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)Mg_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.30 97.7 93.5 89.6

TABLE 184 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-345 LiCo_(0.4)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)Mg_(0.1)O₂0.5 20 20 4.40 96.1 94.8 89.9 Example 8-346LiCo_(0.4)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)Mg_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.40 94.9 93.4 87.7Example 8-347 LiCo_(0.4)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)Mg_(0.1)O₂ 0.5 25 20 4.40 95.694.6 88.2 Example 8-348 LiCo_(0.4)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)Mg_(0.1)O₂ 0.5 20 304.40 95.4 94.1 89.2 Comparative Example 8-197LiCo_(0.4)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)Mg_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.40 94.8 91.7 83.1

TABLE 185 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-349 LiCo_(0.4)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)Mg_(0.1)O₂0.5 20 20 4.50 94.1 88.8 84.9 Example 8-350LiCo_(0.4)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)Mg_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.50 90.9 86.4 77.7Example 8-351 LiCo_(0.4)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)Mg_(0.1)O₂ 0.5 25 20 4.50 93.688.6 84.2 Example 8-352 LiCo_(0.4)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)Mg_(0.1)O₂ 0.5 20 304.50 93.4 88.1 84.2 Comparative Example 8-198LiCo_(0.4)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)Mg_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.50 90.8 85.7 73.1

TABLE 186 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-353LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.45)Mn_(0.2)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 0.6 20 20 4.25 98.3 95.0 92.0Example 8-354 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.45)Mn_(0.2)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.25 98.294.5 90.3 Example 8-355 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.45)Mn_(0.2)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 0.6 25 204.25 98.4 94.8 91.5 Example 8-356 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.45)Mn_(0.2)Ti_(0.05)O₂0.6 20 30 4.25 98.3 95.0 90.9 Comparative Example 8-199LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.45)Mn_(0.2)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 0.6 20 20 4.20 98.3 95.0 92.3Comparative Example 8-200 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.45)Mn_(0.2)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 2020 4.20 98.2 95.0 92.3 Comparative Example 8-201LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.45)Mn_(0.2)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 0.6 25 20 4.20 98.2 95.1 92.3Comparative Example 8-202 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.45)Mn_(0.2)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 0.6 2030 4.20 98.2 94.9 92.3 Comparative Example 8-203LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.45)Mn_(0.2)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.20 98.1 94.6 91.9Comparative Example 8-204 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.45)Mn_(0.2)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 2530 4.25 98.2 94.0 89.9

TABLE 187 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-357LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.45)Mn_(0.2)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 0.6 20 20 4.30 98.2 94.7 91.5Example 8-358 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.45)Mn_(0.2)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.30 98.094.1 90.0 Example 8-359 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.45)Mn_(0.2)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 0.6 25 204.30 98.1 94.4 91.1 Example 8-360 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.45)Mn_(0.2)Ti_(0.05)O₂0.6 20 30 4.30 98.3 94.7 90.8 Comparative Example 8-205LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.45)Mn_(0.2)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.30 97.8 92.9 88.7

TABLE 188 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-361LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.45)Mn_(0.2)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 0.6 20 20 4.40 95.8 94.5 89.5Example 8-362 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.45)Mn_(0.2)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.40 94.193.0 87.0 Example 8-363 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.45)Mn_(0.2)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 0.6 25 204.40 95.0 93.9 89.3 Example 8-364 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.45)Mn_(0.2)Ti_(0.05)O₂0.6 20 30 4.40 94.9 94.0 89.3 Comparative Example 8-206LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.45)Mn_(0.2)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.40 94.8 91.3 81.4

TABLE 189 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-365LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.45)Mn_(0.2)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 0.6 20 20 4.50 94.3 88.0 80.0Example 8-366 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.45)Mn_(0.2)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.50 91.186.0 73.0 Example 8-367 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.45)Mn_(0.2)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 0.6 25 204.50 94.0 87.9 79.5 Example 8-368 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.45)Mn_(0.2)Ti_(0.05)O₂0.6 20 30 4.50 93.9 87.6 79.6 Comparative Example 8-207LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.45)Mn_(0.2)Ti_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.50 90.8 84.3 70.4

TABLE 190 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-369LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.25)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 0.5 20 20 4.25 97.5 94.1 91.4Example 8-370 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.25)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.25 97.393.8 90.2 Example 8-371 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.25)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 0.5 25 204.25 97.4 94.0 91.1 Example 8-372 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.25)Cr_(0.05)O₂0.5 20 30 4.25 97.5 94.1 90.7 Comparative Example 8-208LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.25)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 0.5 20 20 4.20 97.5 94.1 92.2Comparative Example 8-209 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.25)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 2020 4.20 97.5 94.0 92.1 Comparative Example 8-210LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.25)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 0.5 25 20 4.20 97.5 94.1 92.2Comparative Example 8-211 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.25)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 0.5 2030 4.20 97.5 94.1 92.1 Comparative Example 8-212LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.25)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.20 97.4 93.9 91.7Comparative Example 8-213 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.25)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 2530 4.25 97.2 93.7 90.0

TABLE 191 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-373LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.25)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 0.5 20 20 4.30 97.4 94.0 91.2Example 8-374 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.25)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.30 97.293.4 90.0 Example 8-375 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.25)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 0.5 25 204.30 97.4 93.7 91.0 Example 8-376 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.25)Cr_(0.05)O₂0.5 20 30 4.30 97.4 93.7 90.7 Comparative Example 8-214LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.25)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.30 97.0 93.2 90.0

TABLE 192 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-377LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.25)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 0.5 20 20 4.40 95.7 94.1 89.4Example 8-378 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.25)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.40 94.692.7 87.1 Example 8-379 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.25)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 0.5 25 204.40 95.3 93.6 89.5 Example 8-380 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.25)Cr_(0.05)O₂0.5 20 30 4.40 95.0 93.7 88.9 Comparative Example 8-215LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.25)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.40 94.8 90.8 79.9

TABLE 193 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-381LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.25)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 0.5 20 20 4.50 92.7 87.1 78.4Example 8-382 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.25)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.50 90.685.7 73.1 Example 8-383 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.25)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 0.5 25 204.50 92.3 86.6 77.7 Example 8-384 LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.25)Cr_(0.05)O₂0.5 20 30 4.50 92.0 86.7 78.1 Comparative Example 8-216LiCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.25)Cr_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.50 90.4 84.6 70.9

TABLE 194 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-385 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(0.1)O₂0.4 20 20 4.25 98.0 95.4 91.5 Example 8-386LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.25 98.0 95.0 90.5Example 8-387 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 0.4 25 20 4.25 98.195.0 90.9 Example 8-388 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 0.4 20 304.25 98.0 95.1 91.0 Comparative Example 8-217LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 0.4 20 20 4.20 98.0 95.5 92.4Comparative Example 8-218 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 20 204.20 98.0 95.6 92.4 Comparative Example 8-219LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 0.4 25 20 4.20 98.0 95.5 92.5Comparative Example 8-220 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 0.4 20 304.20 98.0 95.6 92.4 Comparative Example 8-221LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.20 98.0 95.3 91.8Comparative Example 8-222 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 25 304.25 97.9 94.9 90.3

TABLE 195 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-389 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(0.1)O₂0.4 20 20 4.30 98.0 95.3 91.2 Example 8-390LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.30 98.0 94.8 90.2Example 8-391 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 0.4 25 20 4.30 98.194.9 90.7 Example 8-392 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 0.4 20 304.30 98.0 94.8 90.8 Comparative Example 8-223LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.30 97.9 94.2 90.0

TABLE 196 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-393 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(0.1)O₂0.4 20 20 4.40 96.0 93.9 89.5 Example 8-394LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.40 95.6 91.9 87.4Example 8-395 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 0.4 25 20 4.40 95.992.7 88.5 Example 8-396 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 0.4 20 304.40 95.7 92.8 89.0 Comparative Example 8-224LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.40 95.4 90.2 80.1

TABLE 197 concentration concentration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) cathode active Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄impurities content voltage 10 50 100 material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-397 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(0.1)O₂0.4 20 20 4.50 93.0 87.4 79.5 Example 8-398LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.50 90.6 86.4 73.4Example 8-399 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 0.4 25 20 4.50 92.287.2 79.2 Example 8-400 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 0.4 20 304.50 92.7 86.8 79.0 Comparative Example 8-225LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(0.1)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.50 90.4 84.2 71.1

TABLE 198 concen- concentration tration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage 10 50 100 cathode active material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-401LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 20 20 4.25 98.6 94.892.4 Example 8-402 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 2020 4.25 98.2 94.5 91.5 Example 8-403LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 25 20 4.25 98.3 94.791.7 Example 8-404 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 2030 4.25 98.2 94.6 91.8 Comparative Example 8-226LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 20 20 4.20 98.6 94.892.6 Comparative Example 8-227LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.20 98.5 94.892.5 Comparative Example 8-228LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 25 20 4.20 98.5 94.892.5 Comparative Example 8-229LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 20 30 4.20 98.6 94.892.6 Comparative Example 8-230LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.20 98.5 94.692.0 Comparative Example 8-231LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.25 98.2 94.291.0

TABLE 199 concen- concentration tration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage 10 50 100 cathode active material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-405LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 20 20 4.30 98.4 94.792.1 Example 8-406 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 2020 4.30 98.0 94.2 91.1 Example 8-407LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 25 20 4.30 98.0 94.591.7 Example 8-408 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 2030 4.30 98.0 94.6 91.6 Comparative Example 8-232LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.30 98.0 94.090.6

TABLE 200 concen- concentration tration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage 10 50 100 cathode active material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-409LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 20 20 4.40 96.3 93.389.7 Example 8-410 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 2020 4.40 95.3 91.8 87.7 Example 8-411LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 25 20 4.40 96.2 93.088.7 Example 8-412 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 2030 4.40 96.3 92.8 89.5 Comparative Example 8-233LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.40 95.3 90.681.2

TABLE 201 concen- concentration tration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage 10 50 100 cathode active material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-413LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 20 20 4.50 94.1 88.382.7 Example 8-414 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 2020 4.50 91.2 85.8 76.7 Example 8-415LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 25 20 4.50 93.7 88.081.7 Example 8-416 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.7 2030 4.50 93.9 87.8 81.5 Comparative Example 8-234LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Al_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.50 90.8 84.272.2

TABLE 202 concen- concentration tration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage 10 50 100 cathode active material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-417LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Cr_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.8 20 20 4.25 97.6 94.491.9 Example 8-418 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Cr_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 2020 4.25 97.4 94.0 90.9 Example 8-419LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Cr_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.8 25 20 4.25 97.5 94.291.3 Example 8-420 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Cr_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.8 2030 4.25 97.5 94.0 91.1 Comparative Example 8-235LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Cr_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.8 20 20 4.20 97.6 94.492.3 Comparative Example 8-236LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Cr_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 20 20 4.20 97.5 94.592.3 Comparative Example 8-237LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Cr_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.8 25 20 4.20 97.5 94.592.3 Comparative Example 8-238LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Cr_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.8 20 30 4.20 97.5 94.592.2 Comparative Example 8-239LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Cr_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.20 97.5 94.491.7 Comparative Example 8-240LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Cr_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.25 97.4 94.090.4

TABLE 204 concen- concentration tration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage 10 50 100 cathode active material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-421LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Cr_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.8 20 20 4.30 97.5 94.291.7 Example 8-422 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Cr_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 2020 4.30 97.2 93.7 90.9 Example 8-423LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Cr_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.8 25 20 4.30 97.3 94.091.1 Example 8-424 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Cr_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.8 2030 4.30 97.3 93.8 90.8 Comparative Example 8-241LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Cr_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.30 97.1 93.390.0

TABLE 205 concen- concentration tration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage 10 50 100 cathode active material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-425LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Cr_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.8 20 20 4.40 96.5 93.789.9 Example 8-426 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Cr_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 2020 4.40 95.5 91.9 87.9 Example 8-427LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Cr_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.8 25 20 4.40 95.9 93.388.5 Example 8-428 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Cr_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.8 2030 4.40 96.3 93.0 88.3 Comparative Example 8-242LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Cr_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.40 95.2 91.180.4

TABLE 206 concen- concentration tration upper discharge capacity of ofprotic moisture limit retention ratio (%) Li₂CO₃ + Li₂SO₄ impuritiescontent voltage 10 50 100 cathode active material (wt %) (ppm) (ppm) (V)cycles cycles cycles Example 8-429LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Cr_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.8 20 20 4.50 92.6 87.481.9 Example 8-430 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Cr_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 2020 4.50 90.7 85.9 75.9 Example 8-431LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Cr_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.8 25 20 4.50 91.9 86.981.5 Example 8-432 LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Cr_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 0.8 2030 4.50 92.3 87.0 81.3 Comparative Example 8-243LiCo_(0.3)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(0.15)Cr_(0.1)Mg_(0.05)O₂ 1.5 25 30 4.50 90.2 85.072.4

1. A battery comprising: a cathode; an anode; and an electrolyte,wherein, the cathode has a cathode active material including a lithiumcomposite oxide which contains lithium (Li), at least either cobalt (Co)or nickel (Ni), and oxygen (O), the anode has an anode active materialincluding at least one kind selected from the group consisting of anodematerials capable of insertion and extraction of lithium, and lithiummetals, the battery charges at 4.25 V or more, a maximum of 1.0 wt % atotal amount of lithium carbonate and lithium sulphate impurities in thecathode and the cathode active material, a maximum of 20 ppm of aconcentration protic impurities in the electrolyte, and the battery hasa discharge capacity within the range of 7.0 to 8.9 mAh.
 2. A batteryaccording to claim 1, having a maximum of 20 ppm of a concentration of amoisture content in the electrolyte.
 3. A battery according to claim 1,wherein the lithium composite oxide furthermore contains at least onekind selected from the group consisting of manganese (Mn), aluminum(Al), magnesium (Mg), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), and iron (Fe).
 4. Abattery according to claim 3, wherein the lithium composite oxidecontains cobalt and nickel.
 5. A battery according to claim 3, whereinthe lithium composite oxide contains manganese.
 6. A battery accordingto claim 5, wherein the lithium composite oxide contains not onlymanganese but also at least one kind selected from the group consistingof aluminum, magnesium, titanium, chromium, and iron.
 7. A batteryaccording to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte contains a solvent and alithium salt, and the solvent contains a cyclic carbonate.
 8. A batteryaccording to claim 7, wherein content of the cyclic carbonate in thesolvent is not less than 20 vol % nor more than 100 vol %.
 9. A batteryaccording to claim 7, wherein the solvent contains a cyclic carboxylatewith content of less than 50 vol %.
 10. A battery according to claim 7,wherein the solvent contains vinylene carbonate with content of lessthan 10 vol %.
 11. A battery according to claim 10, wherein the solventfurthermore contains a cyclic carboxylate.
 12. A battery according toclaim 7, wherein the solvent contains vinyl ethylene carbonate withcontent of less than 10 vol %.
 13. A battery according to claim 12,wherein the solvent furthermore contains a cyclic carboxylate.
 14. Abattery according to claim 7, wherein the solvent furthermore contains achain carbonate with content of 80 vol %. or less.
 15. A batteryaccording to claim 7, wherein content of the lithium salt to the solventis not less than 0.6 mol/kg nor more than 2.0 mol/kg.
 16. A batteryaccording to claim 7, wherein the electrolyte furthermore contains ahigh molecular weight compound.
 17. A battery according to claim 1,wherein the electrolyte contains at least one kind selected from thegroup consisting of LiPF₆, LiBF₄, LiClO₄, LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂ andLiN(C₂F₅SO₂)₂.
 18. A battery according to claim 1, wherein the anodecontains a carbon material.
 19. A battery according to claim 18, whereinthe anode contains at least one kind selected from the group consistingof graphite, graphitizable carbon, and non-graphitizable carbon.
 20. Abattery according to claim 19, wherein the anode containsnon-graphitizable carbon.
 21. A battery according to claim 19, whereinthe anode contains graphite.
 22. A battery according to claim 1, whereinthe anode contains at least one kind selected from the group consistingof simple substances, alloys and compounds of metallic elements andsemimetal elements which can form an alloy with lithium.
 23. A batteryaccording to claim 22, wherein the anode contains at least one kindselected from the group consisting of simple substances, alloys andcompounds of tin (Sn), lead (Pb), aluminum (Al), indium (In), silicon(Si), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cobalt, antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi),cadmium (Cd), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge),arsenic (As), silver (Ag), hafnium (Hf), zirconium (Zr), and yttrium(Y).
 24. A battery according to claim 1, wherein a capacity of the anodeincludes a capacity component by insertion and extraction of lithium anda capacity component by precipitation and dissolution of lithium and isexpressed by the sum of the capacity components.
 25. A batterycomprising: a cathode: an anode: and an electrolyte, wherein, thecathode has a cathode active material including a lithium compositeoxide which contains lithium (Li), at least either cobalt (Co) or nickel(Ni), and oxygen (O), the anode has an anode active material includingat least one kind selected from the group consisting of anode materialscapable of insertion and extraction of lithium, and lithium metals, thebattery charges at 4.25 V or more, a maximum of 20 ppm of aconcentration of protic impurities in the electrolyte, and said batteryhas a discharge capacity within the range of 7.0 to 8.9 mAh.
 26. Abattery according to claim 25, having a maximum of 20 ppm of a moisturecontent in the electrolyte.
 27. A battery according to claim 25, whereinthe lithium composite oxide furthermore contains at least one kindselected from the group consisting of manganese (Mn), aluminum (Al),magnesium (Mg), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), and iron (Fe).
 28. batteryaccording to claim 27, wherein the lithium composite oxide containscobalt and nickel.
 29. A battery according to claim 27, wherein thelithium composite oxide contains manganese.
 30. A battery according toclaim 29, wherein the lithium composite oxide contains not onlymanganese but also at least one kind selected from the group consistingof aluminum, magnesium, titanium, chromium, and iron.
 31. A batteryaccording to claim 25, wherein the electrolyte contains a solvent and alithium salt, and the solvent contains a cyclic carbonate.
 32. A batteryaccording to claim 31, wherein content of the cyclic carbonate in thesolvent is not less than 20 vol % nor more than 100 vol %.
 33. A batteryaccording to claim 31, wherein the solvent contains a cyclic carboxylatewith content of less than 50 vol %.
 34. A battery according to claim 31,wherein the solvent contains vinylene carbonate with content of lessthan 10 vol %.
 35. A battery according to claim 34, wherein the solventfurthermore contains a cyclic carboxylate.
 36. A battery according toclaim 31, wherein the solvent contains vinyl ethylene carbonate withcontent of less than 10 vol %.
 37. A battery according to claim 36,wherein the solvent furthermore contains a cyclic carboxylate.
 38. Abattery according to claim 31, wherein the solvent furthermore containsa chain carbonate with content of 80 vol % or less.
 39. A batteryaccording to claim 31, wherein content of the lithium salt to thesolvent is not less than 0.6 mol/kg nor more than 2.0 mol/kg.
 40. Abattery according to claim 31, wherein the electrolyte furthermorecontains a high molecular weight compound.
 41. A battery according toclaim 25, wherein the electrolyte contains at least one kind selectedfrom the group consisting of LiPF₆, LiBF₄, LiClO₄, LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂ andLiN(C₂F₅SO₂)₂.
 42. A battery according to claim 25, wherein the anodecontains a carbon material.
 43. A battery according to claim 42, whereinthe anode contains at least one kind selected from the group consistingof graphite, graphitizable carbon, and non-graphitizable carbon.
 44. Abattery according to claim 43, wherein the anode containsnon-graphitizable carbon.
 45. A battery according to claim 43, whereinthe anode contains graphite.
 46. A battery according to claim 25,wherein the anode contains at least one kind selected from the groupconsisting of simple substances, alloys and compounds of metallicelements and semimetal elements which can form an alloy with lithium.47. A battery according to claim 46, wherein the anode contains at leastone kind selected from the group consisting of simple substances, alloysand compounds of tin (Sn), lead (Pb), aluminum (Al), indium (In),silicon (Si), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cobalt, antimony (Sb), bismuth(Bi), cadmium (Cd), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), gallium (Ga), germanium(Ge), arsenic (As), silver (Ag), hafnium (Hf), zirconium (Zr), andyttrium (Y).
 48. A battery according to claim 25, wherein a capacity ofthe anode includes a capacity component by insertion and extraction oflithium and a capacity component by precipitation and dissolution oflithium and is expressed by the sum of the capacity components.
 49. Abattery comprising: a cathode: an anode: and an electrolyte, wherein;the cathode has a cathode active material including a lithium compositeoxide which contains lithium (Li), at least either cobalt (Co) or nickel(Ni), and oxygen (O), the anode has an anode active material includingat least one kind selected from the group consisting of anode materialscapable of insertion and extraction of lithium, and lithium metals, thebattery charges at 4.25 V or more, and a maximum of 20 ppm of a moisturecontent in the electrolyte, a maximum of 20 ppm of a concentration ofprotic impurities in the electrolyte, and the battery has a dischargecapacity within the range of 7.0 to 8.9 mAh.
 50. A battery according toclaim 49, wherein the lithium composite oxide furthermore contains atleast one kind selected from the group consisting of manganese (Mn),aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), and iron(Fe).
 51. A battery according to claim 50, wherein the lithium compositeoxide contains cobalt and nickel.
 52. A battery according to claim 50,wherein the lithium composite oxide contains manganese.
 53. A batteryaccording to claim 52, wherein the lithium composite oxide contains notonly manganese but also at least one kind selected from the groupconsisting of aluminum, magnesium, titanium, chromium, and iron.
 54. Abattery according to claim 49, wherein the electrolyte contains asolvent and a lithium salt, and the solvent contains a cyclic carbonate.55. A battery according to claim 54, wherein content of the cycliccarbonate in the solvent is not less than 20 vol % nor more than 100 vol%.
 56. A battery according to claim 54, wherein the solvent contains acyclic carboxylate with content of less than 50 vol %.
 57. A batteryaccording to claim 54, wherein the solvent contains vinylene carbonatewith content of less than 10 vol %.
 58. A battery according to claim 57,wherein the solvent furthermore contains a cyclic carboxylate.
 59. Abattery according to claim 54, wherein the solvent contains vinylethylene carbonate with content of less than 10 vol %.
 60. A batteryaccording to claim 59, wherein the solvent furthermore contains a cycliccarboxylate.
 61. A battery according to claim 54, wherein the solventfurthermore contains a chain carbonate with content of 80 vol % or less.62. A battery according to claim 54, wherein content of the lithium saltto the solvent is not less than 0.6 mol/kg nor more than 2.0 mol/kg. 63.A battery according to claim 54, wherein the electrolyte furthermorecontains a high molecular weight compound.
 64. A battery according toclaim 49, wherein the electrolyte contains at least one kind selectedfrom the group consisting of LiPF₆, LiBF₄, LiClO₄, LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂ andLiN(C₂F₅SO₂)₂.
 65. A battery according to claim 49, wherein the anodecontains a carbon material.
 66. A battery according to claim 65, whereinthe anode contains at least one kind selected from the group consistingof graphite, graphitizable carbon, and non-graphitizable carbon.
 67. Abattery according to claim 66, wherein the anode containsnon-graphitizable carbon.
 68. A battery according to claim 66, whereinthe anode contains graphite.
 69. A battery according to claim 49,wherein the anode contains at least one kind selected from the groupconsisting of simple substances, alloys and compounds of metallicelements and semimetal elements which can form an alloy with lithium.70. A battery according to claim 69, wherein the anode contains at leastone kind selected from the group consisting of simple substances, alloysand compounds of tin (Sn), lead (Pb), aluminum (Al), indium (In),silicon (Si), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cobalt, antimony (Sb), bismuth(Bi), cadmium (Cd), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), gallium (Ga), germanium(Ge), arsenic (As), silver (Ag), hafnium (Hf), zirconium (Zr), andyttrium (Y).
 71. A battery according to claim 49, wherein a capacity ofthe anode includes a capacity component by insertion and extraction oflithium and a capacity component by precipitation and dissolution oflithium and is expressed by the sum of the capacity components.